{
 "id": "population-californias",
 "title": "Population of the Californias",
 "subtitle": "Padrones, censos and mission registros, 1777–1847; every count so far transcribed from the Archives of California, each linked to its record",
 "abstract": "The population counts of Spanish and Mexican California, settlement by settlement, as the archive recorded them. A note on what these numbers are: they are the counts of a colonial bureaucracy. Padrones undercount, categories like gente de razon and neofito are the empire's constructs, and Native people appear only when and how the state counted them; inside missions, pueblos, and jurisdictions. The map shows what the documents say, in their own units, not how many people lived in California; the nations of the Native California map were mostly never counted at all. Every row cites its document. The headline: in 1790 the entire Spanish population of Alta California was 910 people.",
 "date_range": [
  1777,
  1847
 ],
 "center": [
  33.5,
  -117.5
 ],
 "zoom": 6,
 "cite_key": "population",
 "last_updated": "2026-10-16",
 "layers": [
  {
   "id": "missions",
   "label": "Alta Missions (neophyte counts)",
   "color": "#7a2e2e"
  },
  {
   "id": "pueblos",
   "label": "Pueblos",
   "color": "#b7791f"
  },
  {
   "id": "presidios",
   "label": "Presidios & Real",
   "color": "#275d7a"
  },
  {
   "id": "province",
   "label": "Province-wide Counts",
   "color": "#2e5a4b"
  },
  {
   "id": "baja",
   "label": "Baja Missions, 1790 (context)",
   "color": "#8e44ad"
  }
 ],
 "legend_note": "Figures are the documents' own; categories are the colonial state's. Click any citation to open the catalog record for that document. This is a growing selection of the archive's counts, not a complete census of them.",
 "features": [
  {
   "id": "prov-alta",
   "register_no": null,
   "name": "Alta California (province-wide counts)",
   "date": {
    "iso": null,
    "display": "1769–1846",
    "confidence": "exact"
   },
   "coords": [
    36.6002,
    -121.8947
   ],
   "coord_precision": "exact",
   "type": "event",
   "layer": "province",
   "summary": "The whole colony, counted. In 1790 the entire Spanish population of Alta California was 910 people, inside a mission population of 7,353. The cumulative mission ledgers then state the system's demographic arithmetic: by 1817, 64,675 baptized against 41,757 dead; by Durán's 1833 cuadro; covering the 13 southern (Fernandino) missions only, after the Zacatecan split; 52,882 baptized, 38,417 dead, 10,482 living.",
   "series": [
    [
     "1790 Jul 1",
     "8,323 souls total: 910 gente de razon + 7,353 Indios (per-establishment table)",
     "C-A 50 Doc 32"
    ],
    [
     "1793 Dec",
     "10,638 souls in Alta California, per-settlement (up from 8,323 in 1790)",
     "St. Pap., Missions (C-A 50) Doc 96 — *Población de la Nueva California a fin de Dic. de 1793*",
     "ca50-d96"
    ],
    [
     "1795 Mar",
     "1,275 gente de razón in the whole of Alta California — 4 presidios + 2 pueblos; of these only 368 were vecinos, the rest military families",
     "St. Pap., Sacramento (C-A 56) Doc 378 — province-wide census of both Californias",
     "ca56-d378"
    ],
    [
     "1795–96",
     "mission almas: 3,465 (1795) and 5,322[?] (1796) for Alta California, queried against the Baja returns",
     "Prov. St. Pap. (C-A 10) Doc 19 — both-Californias mission statistics",
     "ca10-d19"
    ],
    [
     "1814 Dec",
     "≈22,030 souls — *Resumen general* of every presidio, mission and pueblo, Monterey to San Luis Rey, in columns of hombres/mujeres, mayores/menores, gente de razón/indios",
     "Prov. St. Pap., Benicia (Mil.) (C-A 17) Doc 64 — province-wide census, end of 1814",
     "ca17-d64"
    ],
    [
     "1816",
     "≈22,432 souls; net increase of 508 over 1815 — the 21 missions plus the presidios and the pueblos of San José and Los Ángeles, with ministers and baptisms for each",
     "Prov. St. Pap., Benicia (Mil.) (C-A 17) Doc 185 — *Misiones de los RR.PP. Fernandinos*",
     "ca17-d185"
    ],
    [
     "1817",
     "mission ledger: 64,675 baptized / 41,757 died / 20,238 living since founding (+ a fourth reconciliation column, 3,205)",
     "C-A 50 Doc 387"
    ],
    [
     "1822 Apr",
     "24,990 habitantes: 21,196 neophytes in the 20 missions, 2,994 gente de razon — read into the Diputacion's founding session",
     "Leg. Rec. (C-A 59) Doc 4"
    ],
    [
     "1827",
     "'under 25,000, mostly Indians'; ~4,000 gente de razon, ~1,800 able to bear arms",
     "Dep. Rec. (C-A 48) Doc 29 — abstract"
    ],
    [
     "1829",
     "school census: 11 schools, ~389 students in the whole territory",
     "St. Pap. Missions (C-A 51) Doc 3"
    ],
    [
     "1829 Dec",
     "statistical report on all 21 Alta California missions — población, bautismos, agricultura — opening with a full roster of the ministers at each",
     "St. Pap., Missions (C-A 51) Doc 4",
     "ca51-d4"
    ],
    [
     "1833 Dec",
     "Durán's cumulative Cuadro Estadístico for the 13 Fernandino (southern) missions: 52,882 baptized / 14,533 married / 38,417 died / 10,482 living",
     "C-A 50 Doc 427"
    ]
   ],
   "series_label": "Counted",
   "result": "One province, three generations, counted into decline",
   "quote": null,
   "sources": [
    {
     "citation": "All rows from the Archives of California survey catalogs; C-A 50 unless noted. Figures are the documents' own.",
     "ca_record": null,
     "ia_leaf_url": null
    },
    {
     "citation": "The 1795–96 mission estados of both Californias, received in triplicate (C-A 10), doc 21",
     "ca_record": "ca10-d21",
     "ia_leaf_url": null
    },
    {
     "citation": "The census machinery itself: the Real Orden of 10 Nov 1776 with the padrón/estado format, transmitted 1783 (C-A 2), doc 231",
     "ca_record": "ca2-d231",
     "ia_leaf_url": null
    }
   ],
   "native_groups": [],
   "tags": [],
   "notes": "Placed at Monterey as the capital; the counts are province-wide.",
   "symbol": "scroll"
  },
  {
   "id": "prov-baja",
   "register_no": null,
   "name": "Antigua (Baja) California (province-wide)",
   "date": {
    "iso": null,
    "display": "context",
    "confidence": "exact"
   },
   "coords": [
    26.0115,
    -111.3486
   ],
   "coord_precision": "exact",
   "type": "event",
   "layer": "province",
   "summary": "The old province counted alongside the new: Arrillaga's 1791 census tables cover 18 poblaciones, presidio and missions, with the men, women, and children of each.",
   "series": [
    [
     "1782",
     "per-mission families/souls table, ~17 missions (Loreto mission 76 souls…)",
     "C-A 50 Doc 6"
    ],
    [
     "1791 Dec",
     "province-wide censo y castas table, 18 poblaciones",
     "C-A 50 Doc 38"
    ],
    [
     "1791 Dec",
     "≈4,258 souls across 18 poblaciones (vs. ≈4,070 at the end of 1790); *Resumen Gral*: 322 españoles, 3,387 indios, ~74 castas, 51 mulatos; 1,006 married, 215 widowed",
     "St. Pap., Missions (C-A 50) Doc 38 — *Estado del censo y castas… de la Antigua California*",
     "ca50-d38"
    ],
    [
     "1792",
     "the Dominican Prior's estado: 4,442 souls in the Baja missions",
     "Misc. (C-A 62) Doc 24"
    ],
    [
     "1794",
     "1,032 souls — Loreto 481 and the Real de Santa Ana 551, per the 1794 padrón",
     "St. Pap., Sacramento (C-A 56) Doc 378",
     "ca56-d378"
    ],
    [
     "1795",
     "4,337 almas per the P. Presidente's mission states",
     "Prov. St. Pap. (C-A 10) Doc 19"
    ],
    [
     "1795–96",
     "4,337 almas (1795) and 4,487 (1796), per P. Presidente Fr. Jiménez",
     "Prov. St. Pap. (C-A 10) Doc 19",
     "ca10-d19"
    ]
   ],
   "series_label": "Counted",
   "result": "",
   "quote": null,
   "sources": [
    {
     "citation": "All rows from the Archives of California survey catalogs; C-A 50 unless noted. Figures are the documents' own.",
     "ca_record": null,
     "ia_leaf_url": null
    },
    {
     "citation": "Mission estados of both Californias 1795–96 (C-A 10), doc 21",
     "ca_record": "ca10-d21",
     "ia_leaf_url": null
    },
    {
     "citation": "The Baja general padrón for 1784 (C-A 3), doc 159",
     "ca_record": "ca3-d159",
     "ia_leaf_url": null
    },
    {
     "citation": "General State of the population of Antigua California, end-1785 (C-A 3), doc 314",
     "ca_record": "ca3-d314",
     "ia_leaf_url": null
    }
   ],
   "native_groups": [],
   "tags": [],
   "notes": "Placed at Loreto; see the individual Baja pins for 1790 figures.",
   "symbol": "scroll"
  },
  {
   "id": "pu-san-jose",
   "register_no": null,
   "name": "Pueblo San José de Guadalupe",
   "date": {
    "iso": null,
    "display": "founded 1777",
    "confidence": "exact"
   },
   "coords": [
    37.3382,
    -121.8863
   ],
   "coord_precision": "exact",
   "type": "settlement",
   "layer": "pueblos",
   "summary": "The first pueblo, counted at 78 souls in 1790; one europeo, 33 espanoles, 8 indios, 8 mulatos, 28 otras castas. Four decades later it had grown to 602.",
   "series": [
    [
     "1777 Nov",
     "founded with 14 vecinos, 66 souls (Neve's own report)",
     "Prov. Rec. (C-A 22), tomo pp. 8-9, 17-21"
    ],
    [
     "1790",
     "78 souls (1 europeo, 33 espanoles, 8 indios, 8 mulatos, 28 otras castas)",
     "C-A 50 Doc 20; nominal roll Doc 19"
    ],
    [
     "1790 Jul 1",
     "88 (province-wide resumen)",
     "St. Pap., Missions (C-A 50) Doc 32",
     "ca50-d32"
    ],
    [
     "1793",
     "nominal padron of the pueblo (named households)",
     "Prov. Rec. (C-A 24), Sav 319-322"
    ],
    [
     "1793 Dec",
     "78",
     "St. Pap., Missions (C-A 50) Doc 96",
     "ca50-d96"
    ],
    [
     "1795 Mar",
     "182 gente de razón",
     "St. Pap., Sacramento (C-A 56) Doc 378",
     "ca56-d378"
    ],
    [
     "1800 Dec",
     "the Padrón General of San José by Macario de Castro, in three parts: households 1–20 (Ygnacio Archuleta, Tiburcio Vásquez, Manuel Amezquita, Claudio Altires, Manuel Gonzales…)",
     "Prov. St. Pap. (C-A 11) Doc 138 — complete census of San José pueblo, part 1",
     "ca11-d138"
    ],
    [
     "1800 Dec",
     "households 21–30: Pedro Bojorques, Pablo Cebrián, Francisco Valencia, Juan Padilla, Antonio Romero, José Luis Sánchez, Juan Antonio Hernández, Plácido Galignio, Ygnacio Hi[guera]…",
     "Prov. St. Pap. (C-A 11) Doc 139 — part 2",
     "ca11-d139"
    ],
    [
     "1800 Dec",
     "164 persons in total — 20 married couples, 30 men, 30 women, 4 widowers, 3 widows, 10 single men; 16 adult males, 6 adult females; 38 minor females, 29 minor males",
     "Prov. St. Pap. (C-A 11) Doc 140 — part 3 and summary",
     "ca11-d140"
    ],
    [
     "1823 Dec",
     "391 total: 59 men, 114 parvulos, 184 women and girls; + Rancho San Ysidro 66",
     "Dep. St. Pap. (C-A 27) Docs 22-23"
    ],
    [
     "1823 Jun",
     "345 souls (9 born, 3 died); Branciforte 67 and Los Ranchos 50 counted alongside",
     "Dep. St. Pap. (C-A 27) Doc 26"
    ],
    [
     "1834 Dec 31",
     "602 souls: 431 gente de razon + 171 indigenas avecindados (two independent returns)",
     "DSP Ben. (C-A 42) Doc 184; St. Pap. M&C (C-A 53) Doc 49"
    ]
   ],
   "series_label": "Counted",
   "result": "",
   "quote": null,
   "sources": [
    {
     "citation": "All rows from the Archives of California survey catalogs; C-A 50 unless noted. Figures are the documents' own.",
     "ca_record": null,
     "ia_leaf_url": null
    }
   ],
   "native_groups": [],
   "tags": [],
   "notes": "",
   "symbol": "pueblo"
  },
  {
   "id": "pu-los-angeles",
   "register_no": null,
   "name": "Pueblo de Los Ángeles",
   "date": {
    "iso": null,
    "display": "founded 1781",
    "confidence": "exact"
   },
   "coords": [
    34.0537,
    -118.2428
   ],
   "coord_precision": "exact",
   "type": "settlement",
   "layer": "pueblos",
   "summary": "The pueblo's whole arc in five counts: 139 souls in the 1790 province table, 148 in 1792, 274 in 1817, then the Mexican-era growth to over a thousand; with the padrones counting Indians separately, in the pueblo and on its ranchos. The 1790 padrón survives with its arithmetic on its face: 51 single men and 40 single women, the married couples counted pair by pair, caste by caste.",
   "series": [
    [
     "1781 Nov",
     "the founding padron de pobladores, each vecino by name with casta ('fundado el 4 de Set.e de 1781')",
     "St. Pap. M&C (C-A 52) Doc 26"
    ],
    [
     "1781 Nov",
     "the founding census: every vecino by name, age, wife, sons and daughters, and *calidad de gente* — Español, Mestizo, Indio, Mulato, Negro, China, India",
     "St. Pap., Missions & Col. (C-A 52) Doc 26 — founding census of the Pueblo de la Reina de los Ángeles",
     "ca52-d26"
    ],
    [
     "1784",
     "'el pueblo de los Angeles se compone de 8 habitantes' (vecino-pobladores, 3 years in)",
     "Prov. Rec. (C-A 23) Doc 58"
    ],
    [
     "1785",
     "pobladores census: 12 households with casta, age, occupation",
     "Prov. St. Pap. (C-A 14), n325-326",
     "ca14-d1193"
    ],
    [
     "1789",
     "pobladores + agregados roll (named)",
     "C-A 50 Doc 31"
    ],
    [
     "1790",
     "139 souls (province table); estado of population + property, named pobladores",
     "C-A 50 Docs 32, 30"
    ],
    [
     "1790 Aug",
     "nominal household roll: 31 families, 141 souls, with oficio/casta/age/birthplace",
     "Prov. St. Pap. (C-A 5) Doc 96"
    ],
    [
     "1790 Aug 17",
     "141 almas — a complete household-by-household padrón, 31 household heads with *oficio*, *casta*, age, birthplace, spouse and children",
     "Prov. St. Pap. (C-A 5) Doc 96 — THE 1790 PADRÓN OF LOS ANGELES",
     "ca5-d96"
    ],
    [
     "1790 Jul 1",
     "139 (province-wide resumen)",
     "St. Pap., Missions (C-A 50) Doc 32",
     "ca50-d32"
    ],
    [
     "1792",
     "148 souls (2 europeos, 57 espanoles, 17 mestizos, 15 indios, 57 mulatos)",
     "C-A 50 Doc 71"
    ],
    [
     "1793 Dec",
     "137",
     "St. Pap., Missions (C-A 50) Doc 96",
     "ca50-d96"
    ],
    [
     "1795 Mar",
     "186 gente de razón",
     "St. Pap., Sacramento (C-A 56) Doc 378",
     "ca56-d378"
    ],
    [
     "1817",
     "274 souls in the pueblo, 537 in the jurisdiction ('no especifica los indios')",
     "C-A 50 Doc 382"
    ],
    [
     "1828",
     "pueblo 1,219 + 388 Indians; jurisdiction 1,361 + 354 Indians",
     "C-A 50 Doc 417"
    ],
    [
     "1830",
     "pueblo 835 + 71 Indians; jurisdiction 1,158 + 157 Indians (ranchos named)",
     "C-A 50 Doc 430"
    ]
   ],
   "series_label": "Counted",
   "result": "",
   "quote": null,
   "sources": [
    {
     "citation": "All rows from the Archives of California survey catalogs; C-A 50 unless noted. Figures are the documents' own.",
     "ca_record": null,
     "ia_leaf_url": null
    },
    {
     "citation": "Estado del número de almas, padrón of the Pueblo de la Reyna de los Ángeles, 1790 (C-A 5), doc 143",
     "ca_record": "ca5-d143",
     "ia_leaf_url": null
    }
   ],
   "native_groups": [],
   "tags": [],
   "notes": "The 1790 counts disagree: the province table says 139, the pueblo's own August roll 141; both shown. The 1828 vs 1830 drop reflects changing padron scope as much as population.",
   "symbol": "pueblo"
  },
  {
   "id": "pu-branciforte",
   "register_no": null,
   "name": "Villa de Branciforte",
   "date": {
    "iso": null,
    "display": "founded 1797",
    "confidence": "exact"
   },
   "coords": [
    36.9797,
    -122.026
   ],
   "coord_precision": "exact",
   "type": "settlement",
   "layer": "pueblos",
   "summary": "The third and smallest pueblo, founded 1797 across the river from Mission Santa Cruz. The 1823 padrones catch it at 128 souls, or 67 by the summer count; the two returns are shown as recorded. The 1803 padrón counts the villa at exactly 101 souls, 16 married, 42 single; a failed colony small enough to name.",
   "series": [
    [
     "1823 Dec",
     "128 souls: 66 men, 62 women",
     "Dep. St. Pap. (C-A 27) Doc 24"
    ],
    [
     "1823 Jun",
     "67 (counted beside San Jose's 345)",
     "Dep. St. Pap. (C-A 27) Doc 26"
    ],
    [
     "1828",
     "153 souls — 79 men, 74 women; a nominal roll naming every resident: the Castros, Lorenzanas, Buelnas, Pintos, José and Antonio Bolcoff, Villagranas, widows and single men",
     "Dep. St. Pap. (C-A 27) Doc 242 — nominal population census of Branciforte",
     "ca27-d242"
    ]
   ],
   "series_label": "Counted",
   "result": "",
   "quote": null,
   "sources": [
    {
     "citation": "All rows from the Archives of California survey catalogs; C-A 50 unless noted. Figures are the documents' own.",
     "ca_record": null,
     "ia_leaf_url": null
    },
    {
     "citation": "Padrón de los habitantes de la Villa de Branciforte, Dec 1803 · 101 almas (C-A 8), doc 473",
     "ca_record": "ca8-d473",
     "ia_leaf_url": null
    }
   ],
   "native_groups": [],
   "tags": [],
   "notes": "The June and December 1823 figures differ in scope; both preserved.",
   "symbol": "pueblo"
  },
  {
   "id": "tw-monterey",
   "register_no": null,
   "name": "Monterey (town & jurisdiction)",
   "date": {
    "iso": null,
    "display": "capital",
    "confidence": "exact"
   },
   "coords": [
    36.6002,
    -121.8947
   ],
   "coord_precision": "exact",
   "type": "settlement",
   "layer": "pueblos",
   "summary": "The capital counted as a town: the 1826 vecindario census breaks out gente de razon by sex and age beside the Indians living among them; by 1829 the town and its named ranchos held 867.",
   "series": [
    [
     "1790 Dec 19",
     "a padrón of 73 vecinos in the Monterey district",
     "Prov. St. Pap., Presidios (C-A 21) Doc 185",
     "ca21-d185"
    ],
    [
     "1791 Dec 31",
     "the jurisdiction by establishment — Monterey presidio, San Carlos, San Antonio, San Luis, La Soledad (its first appearance, founded Oct 1791) and the Pueblo de San José: 873 H / 845 M / 552 niños / 494 niñas; by casta 59+ españoles, 763+ indios, 16+ mestizos, 35+ *color quebrado*",
     "St. Pap., Missions (C-A 50) Doc 68 — *Estado… del número de vasallos y habitantes… de esta jurisdicción*",
     "ca50-d68"
    ],
    [
     "1826 May",
     "vecindario: gente de razon 75 men, 98 women, 82 boys, 56 girls (= 311) + Indians counted alongside",
     "St. Pap. M&C (C-A 53) Doc 24"
    ],
    [
     "1827 May",
     "rancho census of the jurisdiction: 24 vecino-ranchos with titles",
     "St. Pap. M&C (C-A 53) Doc 20"
    ],
    [
     "1828",
     "the jurisdiction: 1,074 souls, of whom 287 Indians, with 2 ministers; the estado names Misión San Carlos, the Villa de Branciforte and the ranchos of San Rafael de Buenavista, Aliso, Natividad, San Miguel, San Antonio, León Cayetano, Nuestra Señora del Carmen, Sagrada Familia and Salinas",
     "St. Pap., Missions (C-A 50) Doc 419 — 1828 Monterey jurisdiction *estado*",
     "ca50-d419"
    ],
    [
     "1829",
     "Monterey 502 souls + named ranchos 365 = 867",
     "St. Pap. Missions (C-A 51) Doc 5"
    ]
   ],
   "series_label": "Counted",
   "result": "",
   "quote": null,
   "sources": [
    {
     "citation": "All rows from the Archives of California survey catalogs; C-A 50 unless noted. Figures are the documents' own.",
     "ca_record": null,
     "ia_leaf_url": null
    }
   ],
   "native_groups": [],
   "tags": [],
   "notes": "",
   "symbol": "pueblo"
  },
  {
   "id": "sac-1847",
   "register_no": null,
   "name": "Sacramento District (New Helvetia)",
   "date": {
    "iso": null,
    "display": "est. 1839",
    "confidence": "exact"
   },
   "coords": [
    38.5722,
    -121.47
   ],
   "coord_precision": "exact",
   "type": "settlement",
   "layer": "pueblos",
   "summary": "The arc's endpoint: the December 1847 statistics of population of the Sacramento district, compiled at Sutter's fort in the first American winter; the count that closes the era this map covers.",
   "series": [
    [
     "1847 Dec",
     "the Sacramento-district census table ('Statistics of Population &c')",
     "Unbound Docs (C-A 63) Doc 426"
    ],
    [
     "1847 Dec 20",
     "22,657 in total: Whites 218 M / 71 F = 289 · 'Tame Indians or Neófitos' 306 / 173 = 479 · 'Wild Indians or Gentiles' 11,224 / 10,649 = 21,873 · half-Indian children 10 · Sandwich Islanders 5 · Negroes 1. Stock: 20,000 cattle, 2,500 horses, 70 mules, 2,000 sheep, 1,000 hogs",
     "Unbound Documents (C-A 63) Doc 426 — the Sacramento-district census table",
     "ca63-d426"
    ],
    [
     "1847 Dec 20",
     "the enumerator's own caveat: only the Indians 'as far as the base of the mountains are taken in this census'; those on the mountainside 'do not visit the valley — their number I am not able to give.' The people counted were 'divided into abt 70 small tribes speaking some 20 different languages'",
     "Unbound Documents (C-A 63) Doc 187 — the covering report",
     "ca63-d187"
    ]
   ],
   "series_label": "Counted",
   "result": "",
   "quote": null,
   "sources": [
    {
     "citation": "All rows from the Archives of California survey catalogs; C-A 50 unless noted. Figures are the documents' own.",
     "ca_record": null,
     "ia_leaf_url": null
    }
   ],
   "native_groups": [],
   "tags": [],
   "notes": "",
   "symbol": "pueblo"
  },
  {
   "id": "pr-san-francisco",
   "register_no": null,
   "name": "Presidio of San Francisco",
   "date": {
    "iso": null,
    "display": "founded 1776",
    "confidence": "exact"
   },
   "coords": [
    37.7899,
    -122.4585
   ],
   "coord_precision": "exact",
   "type": "presidio",
   "layer": "presidios",
   "summary": "The 1790 padron names every household of the company with casta, birthplace, age, wife, and children; 144 souls at the Golden Gate. By 1830 the whole SF jurisdiction, missions included, counted 5,469, of whom 5,240 were Indians.",
   "series": [
    [
     "1777 Dec 31",
     "a district personnel census rather than a count of souls: Tte Moraga, Sgt Juan Pablo Grijalva, cabos Alviso, Mesa, Pinto, Peralta and Bojorques, 33 soldados, plus pobladores, servants, the mission servants of San Francisco and Santa Clara, four padres and the guarda-almacén Hermenegildo Sal",
     "Archives of Cal., Misc. (C-A 62) Doc 15 — 1777 SF district personnel census",
     "ca62-d15"
    ],
    [
     "1790 Jul 1",
     "124 (province-wide resumen)",
     "St. Pap., Missions (C-A 50) Doc 32",
     "ca50-d32"
    ],
    [
     "1790 Oct",
     "144 souls (1 europeo, 78 espanoles, 16 indios, 5 mulatos, 44 castas); nominal padron",
     "C-A 50 Docs 53, 52"
    ],
    [
     "1793 Dec",
     "154",
     "St. Pap., Missions (C-A 50) Doc 96",
     "ca50-d96"
    ],
    [
     "1795 Mar",
     "153 gente de razón",
     "St. Pap., Sacramento (C-A 56) Doc 378",
     "ca56-d378"
    ],
    [
     "1830 Dec",
     "jurisdiction-wide: 5,469 souls / 5,240 Indians (ranchos + 6 missions named)",
     "C-A 50 Doc 425"
    ]
   ],
   "series_label": "Counted",
   "result": "",
   "quote": null,
   "sources": [
    {
     "citation": "All rows from the Archives of California survey catalogs; C-A 50 unless noted. Figures are the documents' own.",
     "ca_record": null,
     "ia_leaf_url": null
    },
    {
     "citation": "The 1783 padrones of the SF presidio, Missions San Francisco & Santa Clara, and the Pueblo de San José (C-A 2), doc 302",
     "ca_record": "ca2-d302",
     "ia_leaf_url": null
    }
   ],
   "native_groups": [],
   "tags": [],
   "notes": "",
   "symbol": "fort"
  },
  {
   "id": "pr-santa-barbara",
   "register_no": null,
   "name": "Presidio of Santa Bárbara",
   "date": {
    "iso": null,
    "display": "founded 1782",
    "confidence": "exact"
   },
   "coords": [
    34.4221,
    -119.6989
   ],
   "coord_precision": "exact",
   "type": "presidio",
   "layer": "presidios",
   "summary": "The 1785 padron is a nominal roll of 67 heads of household; officers, sergeants, corporals, soldiers, vecinos, and the San Blas paquebot's servants; with casta, age, and family.",
   "series": [
    [
     "1785 Dec",
     "67 heads of household, nominal roll with casta and family",
     "C-A 50 Doc 2"
    ],
    [
     "1790 Jul 1",
     "157 (province-wide resumen)",
     "St. Pap., Missions (C-A 50) Doc 32",
     "ca50-d32"
    ],
    [
     "1793 Dec",
     "284",
     "St. Pap., Missions (C-A 50) Doc 96",
     "ca50-d96"
    ],
    [
     "1795 Mar",
     "253 gente de razón",
     "St. Pap., Sacramento (C-A 56) Doc 378",
     "ca56-d378"
    ],
    [
     "1801",
     "garrison census: 189 total population",
     "Prov. St. Pap. (C-A 11), n48-49",
     "ca11-d13"
    ],
    [
     "1807 Dec 31",
     "the Santa Bárbara district as a whole — presidio, Los Ángeles and five missions — 6,231 souls against 6,166 in 1806; 340 Indian baptisms against 400 deaths, a net decline",
     "Prov. St. Pap., Benicia (Mil.) (C-A 16) Doc 583 — Sta Bárbara district census & descriptive report",
     "ca16-d583"
    ],
    [
     "1828 Dec 31",
     "the jurisdiction: 2,854 souls, of whom ~2,348 Indians, with 4 ministers; the estado names each rancho with its distance and bearing from the cabecera",
     "St. Pap., Missions (C-A 50) Doc 420 — 1828 Santa Bárbara jurisdiction *estado*",
     "ca50-d420"
    ]
   ],
   "series_label": "Counted",
   "result": "",
   "quote": null,
   "sources": [
    {
     "citation": "All rows from the Archives of California survey catalogs; C-A 50 unless noted. Figures are the documents' own.",
     "ca_record": null,
     "ia_leaf_url": null
    },
    {
     "citation": "Padrón de almas of the Santa Bárbara presidial jurisdiction, 1788 (C-A 4), doc 329",
     "ca_record": "ca4-d329",
     "ia_leaf_url": null
    }
   ],
   "native_groups": [],
   "tags": [],
   "notes": "",
   "symbol": "fort"
  },
  {
   "id": "pr-san-diego",
   "register_no": null,
   "name": "Presidio & town of San Diego",
   "date": {
    "iso": null,
    "display": "founded 1769",
    "confidence": "exact"
   },
   "coords": [
    32.7573,
    -117.1966
   ],
   "coord_precision": "exact",
   "type": "presidio",
   "layer": "presidios",
   "summary": "San Diego's late-Mexican padrones count the men who could bear arms: 53 in 1845, 73 in 1846; the municipality on the eve of the conquest.",
   "series": [
    [
     "1790 Jul 1",
     "222 (province-wide resumen)",
     "St. Pap., Missions (C-A 50) Doc 32",
     "ca50-d32"
    ],
    [
     "1795 Mar",
     "231 gente de razón",
     "St. Pap., Sacramento (C-A 56) Doc 378",
     "ca56-d378"
    ],
    [
     "1845 Sep",
     "padron: 53 individuals aged 15-60 (militia-age)",
     "DSP Ben. (C-A 42) Doc 356"
    ],
    [
     "1846 Jul",
     "padron: 73 citizens aged 15-60",
     "DSP Ben. (C-A 42) Doc 590"
    ]
   ],
   "series_label": "Counted",
   "result": "",
   "quote": null,
   "sources": [
    {
     "citation": "All rows from the Archives of California survey catalogs; C-A 50 unless noted. Figures are the documents' own.",
     "ca_record": null,
     "ia_leaf_url": null
    }
   ],
   "native_groups": [],
   "tags": [],
   "notes": "",
   "symbol": "fort"
  },
  {
   "id": "pr-loreto",
   "register_no": null,
   "name": "Presidio of Loreto (Baja)",
   "date": {
    "iso": null,
    "display": "founded 1697",
    "confidence": "exact"
   },
   "coords": [
    26.0115,
    -111.3486
   ],
   "coord_precision": "exact",
   "type": "presidio",
   "layer": "presidios",
   "summary": "The old capital counted in 1790: 399 souls, a fifth of them under the fuero militar.",
   "series": [
    [
     "1790 Dec",
     "399 souls (3 europeos, 73 espanoles, 152 indios, 10 mulatos, 158 otras castas)",
     "C-A 50 Doc 39"
    ],
    [
     "1791 Dec 31",
     "counted in the province-wide *Estado del censo y castas* of the Antigua California: 18 poblaciones, ≈4,258 souls in all",
     "St. Pap., Missions (C-A 50) Doc 38",
     "ca50-d38"
    ],
    [
     "1794",
     "481 souls, per the 1794 padrón",
     "St. Pap., Sacramento (C-A 56) Doc 378 — province-wide census of both Californias",
     "ca56-d378"
    ]
   ],
   "series_label": "Counted",
   "result": "",
   "quote": null,
   "sources": [
    {
     "citation": "All rows from the Archives of California survey catalogs; C-A 50 unless noted. Figures are the documents' own.",
     "ca_record": null,
     "ia_leaf_url": null
    },
    {
     "citation": "Resumen de almas of Loreto and its missions, 1793 (C-A 6), doc 208",
     "ca_record": "ca6-d208",
     "ia_leaf_url": null
    }
   ],
   "native_groups": [],
   "tags": [],
   "notes": "",
   "symbol": "fort"
  },
  {
   "id": "ba-real-santa-ana",
   "register_no": null,
   "name": "Real de Santa Ana (Baja mining district)",
   "date": {
    "iso": null,
    "display": "context",
    "confidence": "exact"
   },
   "coords": [
    23.69,
    -110.08
   ],
   "coord_precision": "place",
   "type": "settlement",
   "layer": "presidios",
   "summary": "The southern mining district, the most casta-diverse place in either California: 696 souls with 5 miners, 16 rancheros, and 93 others by trade.",
   "series": [
    [
     "1790",
     "696 souls (3 europeos, 133 espanoles, 178 indios, 157 mulatos, 204 castas)",
     "C-A 50 Doc 29"
    ],
    [
     "1791 Dec 31",
     "counted in the province-wide *Estado del censo y castas*",
     "St. Pap., Missions (C-A 50) Doc 38",
     "ca50-d38"
    ],
    [
     "1794",
     "551 souls, per the 1794 padrón — the larger of Baja California's two civil settlements",
     "St. Pap., Sacramento (C-A 56) Doc 378",
     "ca56-d378"
    ]
   ],
   "series_label": "Counted",
   "result": "",
   "quote": null,
   "sources": [
    {
     "citation": "All rows from the Archives of California survey catalogs; C-A 50 unless noted. Figures are the documents' own.",
     "ca_record": null,
     "ia_leaf_url": null
    }
   ],
   "native_groups": [],
   "tags": [],
   "notes": "",
   "symbol": "pueblo"
  },
  {
   "id": "mi-san-carlos",
   "register_no": null,
   "name": "Mission San Carlos (Carmel)",
   "date": {
    "iso": null,
    "display": "founded 1770",
    "confidence": "exact"
   },
   "coords": [
    36.5433,
    -121.919
   ],
   "coord_precision": "exact",
   "type": "mission",
   "layer": "missions",
   "summary": "Neophyte population as the annual registros and the 1790 censo campaign recorded it.",
   "series": [
    [
     "1781 Dec 22",
     "Serra's padrón of the neophytes by ranchería — 96 adult males (San Carlos 23 married + 1 widower, San José 14, Santa Teresa 21, San Miguel 15, San Francisco 18); 659 Indians baptized since the mission's founding, 243 dead",
     "Prov. St. Pap., Benicia (Mil.) (C-A 15) Doc 163 — padrón of neophyte Indians at Mission San Carlos, by Serra",
     "ca15-d163"
    ],
    [
     "1785",
     "711 almas (171 familias)",
     "C-A 50 Doc 10"
    ],
    [
     "1787",
     "707",
     "Doc 14"
    ],
    [
     "1788",
     "720",
     "Doc 16"
    ],
    [
     "1789",
     "752",
     "Doc 18"
    ],
    [
     "1790 Jul 1",
     "742 (Carmel)",
     "St. Pap., Missions (C-A 50) Doc 32",
     "ca50-d32"
    ],
    [
     "1792–96",
     "annual death rate 7.08%",
     "St. Pap., Missions (C-A 50) Doc 69 — *Cálculo de la mortalidad en las misiones*",
     "ca50-d69"
    ],
    [
     "1793 Dec",
     "843",
     "St. Pap., Missions (C-A 50) Doc 96",
     "ca50-d96"
    ],
    [
     "1795 Dec",
     "876 almas, with breakdowns of matrimonios, viudos, solteros and párvulos — a nominal padrón, name by name",
     "St. Pap., Missions (C-A 50) Doc 54 — *Padrón de todas las misiones sujetas a la jurisdicción de Monterey*",
     "ca50-d54"
    ]
   ],
   "series_label": "Counted",
   "result": "",
   "quote": null,
   "sources": [
    {
     "citation": "All rows from the Archives of California survey catalogs; C-A 50 unless noted. Figures are the documents' own.",
     "ca_record": null,
     "ia_leaf_url": null
    }
   ],
   "native_groups": [],
   "tags": [],
   "notes": "The counts are of people living AT the mission when counted; flight, death, and new baptism churn beneath every figure. A 1795 nominal padron of the Monterey-district missions exists (C-A 50 Doc 54).",
   "ca_volume": "50",
   "symbol": "mission"
  },
  {
   "id": "mi-san-diego",
   "register_no": null,
   "name": "Mission San Diego",
   "date": {
    "iso": null,
    "display": "founded 1769",
    "confidence": "exact"
   },
   "coords": [
    32.7844,
    -117.1064
   ],
   "coord_precision": "exact",
   "type": "mission",
   "layer": "missions",
   "summary": "Neophyte population as the annual registros and the 1790 censo campaign recorded it.",
   "series": [
    [
     "1784",
     "786",
     "C-A 50 Doc 8"
    ],
    [
     "1789",
     "940",
     "Doc 18"
    ],
    [
     "1790 Jul 1",
     "916",
     "St. Pap., Missions (C-A 50) Doc 32",
     "ca50-d32"
    ],
    [
     "1790 Oct",
     "856 souls (853 indios; censo y castas)",
     "Doc 47"
    ],
    [
     "1792–96",
     "annual death rate 6.24%",
     "St. Pap., Missions (C-A 50) Doc 69",
     "ca50-d69"
    ],
    [
     "1793 Dec",
     "871",
     "St. Pap., Missions (C-A 50) Doc 96",
     "ca50-d96"
    ]
   ],
   "series_label": "Counted",
   "result": "",
   "quote": null,
   "sources": [
    {
     "citation": "All rows from the Archives of California survey catalogs; C-A 50 unless noted. Figures are the documents' own.",
     "ca_record": null,
     "ia_leaf_url": null
    }
   ],
   "native_groups": [],
   "tags": [],
   "notes": "The counts are of people living AT the mission when counted; flight, death, and new baptism churn beneath every figure. A 1795 nominal padron of the Monterey-district missions exists (C-A 50 Doc 54).",
   "ca_volume": "50",
   "symbol": "mission"
  },
  {
   "id": "mi-san-juan-capistrano",
   "register_no": null,
   "name": "Mission San Juan Capistrano",
   "date": {
    "iso": null,
    "display": "founded 1776",
    "confidence": "exact"
   },
   "coords": [
    33.5017,
    -117.6628
   ],
   "coord_precision": "exact",
   "type": "mission",
   "layer": "missions",
   "summary": "Neophyte population as the annual registros and the 1790 censo campaign recorded it.",
   "series": [
    [
     "1784",
     "431",
     "C-A 50 Doc 8"
    ],
    [
     "1789",
     "771",
     "Doc 18"
    ],
    [
     "1790 Jul 1",
     "698",
     "St. Pap., Missions (C-A 50) Doc 32",
     "ca50-d32"
    ],
    [
     "1792–96",
     "annual death rate 5.79%",
     "St. Pap., Missions (C-A 50) Doc 69",
     "ca50-d69"
    ],
    [
     "1793 Dec",
     "971",
     "St. Pap., Missions (C-A 50) Doc 96",
     "ca50-d96"
    ],
    [
     "1846 Mar",
     "113 souls — 54 men, 59 women, with ages; a nominal census including the Forster–Pico household (John Forster 32, Ysidora Pico 36 with five children) and the Véjar, Ábila, Ybarra, Félix, Ríos, Aguilar, Gutiérrez, Cota, Montaño, Silva, Morillo, Cañedo, Rubio, Ortega and Romero families",
     "Dep. St. Pap. (C-A 31) Doc 401 — nominal census of San Juan Capistrano",
     "ca31-d401"
    ]
   ],
   "series_label": "Counted",
   "result": "",
   "quote": null,
   "sources": [
    {
     "citation": "All rows from the Archives of California survey catalogs; C-A 50 unless noted. Figures are the documents' own.",
     "ca_record": null,
     "ia_leaf_url": null
    }
   ],
   "native_groups": [],
   "tags": [],
   "notes": "The counts are of people living AT the mission when counted; flight, death, and new baptism churn beneath every figure. A 1795 nominal padron of the Monterey-district missions exists (C-A 50 Doc 54).",
   "ca_volume": "50",
   "symbol": "mission"
  },
  {
   "id": "mi-san-gabriel",
   "register_no": null,
   "name": "Mission San Gabriel",
   "date": {
    "iso": null,
    "display": "founded 1771",
    "confidence": "exact"
   },
   "coords": [
    34.0967,
    -118.1067
   ],
   "coord_precision": "exact",
   "type": "mission",
   "layer": "missions",
   "summary": "Neophyte population as the annual registros and the 1790 censo campaign recorded it.",
   "series": [
    [
     "1784",
     "739",
     "C-A 50 Doc 8"
    ],
    [
     "1788",
     "~1,000",
     "Doc 16"
    ],
    [
     "1789",
     "1,044",
     "Doc 18"
    ],
    [
     "1790 Jul 1",
     "1,051",
     "St. Pap., Missions (C-A 50) Doc 32",
     "ca50-d32"
    ],
    [
     "1792–96",
     "annual death rate 6.34%",
     "St. Pap., Missions (C-A 50) Doc 69",
     "ca50-d69"
    ],
    [
     "1793 Dec",
     "1,227",
     "St. Pap., Missions (C-A 50) Doc 96",
     "ca50-d96"
    ],
    [
     "1839",
     "ex-mission padron: 587 souls",
     "St. Pap. Missions (C-A 51) Doc 1"
    ]
   ],
   "series_label": "Counted",
   "result": "",
   "quote": null,
   "sources": [
    {
     "citation": "All rows from the Archives of California survey catalogs; C-A 50 unless noted. Figures are the documents' own.",
     "ca_record": null,
     "ia_leaf_url": null
    }
   ],
   "native_groups": [],
   "tags": [],
   "notes": "The counts are of people living AT the mission when counted; flight, death, and new baptism churn beneath every figure. A 1795 nominal padron of the Monterey-district missions exists (C-A 50 Doc 54).",
   "ca_volume": "50",
   "symbol": "mission"
  },
  {
   "id": "mi-san-antonio-de-padua",
   "register_no": null,
   "name": "Mission San Antonio de Padua",
   "date": {
    "iso": null,
    "display": "founded 1771",
    "confidence": "exact"
   },
   "coords": [
    36.0144,
    -121.2497
   ],
   "coord_precision": "exact",
   "type": "mission",
   "layer": "missions",
   "summary": "Neophyte population as the annual registros and the 1790 censo campaign recorded it.",
   "series": [
    [
     "1784",
     "774",
     "C-A 50 Doc 8"
    ],
    [
     "1785",
     "850",
     "Doc 10"
    ],
    [
     "1787",
     "979",
     "Doc 14"
    ],
    [
     "1788",
     "1,028",
     "Doc 16"
    ],
    [
     "1790 Jul 1",
     "1,036",
     "St. Pap., Missions (C-A 50) Doc 32",
     "ca50-d32"
    ],
    [
     "1790 Oct",
     "1,088 souls (1,078 indios)",
     "Doc 55"
    ],
    [
     "1792–96",
     "annual death rate 4.07% — the lowest recorded in the province",
     "St. Pap., Missions (C-A 50) Doc 69",
     "ca50-d69"
    ],
    [
     "1793 Dec",
     "1,104",
     "St. Pap., Missions (C-A 50) Doc 96",
     "ca50-d96"
    ],
    [
     "1795 Dec",
     "1,148 almas under Frs. Sitjar and Cípres — a nominal padrón",
     "St. Pap., Missions (C-A 50) Doc 54",
     "ca50-d54"
    ]
   ],
   "series_label": "Counted",
   "result": "",
   "quote": null,
   "sources": [
    {
     "citation": "All rows from the Archives of California survey catalogs; C-A 50 unless noted. Figures are the documents' own.",
     "ca_record": null,
     "ia_leaf_url": null
    }
   ],
   "native_groups": [],
   "tags": [],
   "notes": "The counts are of people living AT the mission when counted; flight, death, and new baptism churn beneath every figure. A 1795 nominal padron of the Monterey-district missions exists (C-A 50 Doc 54).",
   "ca_volume": "50",
   "symbol": "mission"
  },
  {
   "id": "mi-san-luis-obispo",
   "register_no": null,
   "name": "Mission San Luis Obispo",
   "date": {
    "iso": null,
    "display": "founded 1772",
    "confidence": "exact"
   },
   "coords": [
    35.281,
    -120.664
   ],
   "coord_precision": "exact",
   "type": "mission",
   "layer": "missions",
   "summary": "Neophyte population as the annual registros and the 1790 censo campaign recorded it.",
   "series": [
    [
     "1785",
     "492",
     "C-A 50 Doc 10"
    ],
    [
     "1787",
     "531",
     "Doc 14"
    ],
    [
     "1788",
     "578",
     "Doc 16"
    ],
    [
     "1790 Jul 1",
     "614",
     "St. Pap., Missions (C-A 50) Doc 32",
     "ca50-d32"
    ],
    [
     "1792–96",
     "annual death rate 5.59%",
     "St. Pap., Missions (C-A 50) Doc 69",
     "ca50-d69"
    ],
    [
     "1793 Dec",
     "750",
     "St. Pap., Missions (C-A 50) Doc 96",
     "ca50-d96"
    ],
    [
     "1795 Dec",
     "808 almas — a nominal padrón",
     "St. Pap., Missions (C-A 50) Doc 54",
     "ca50-d54"
    ],
    [
     "1802 Dec 31",
     "693 — in the model padrón",
     "St. Pap., Missions (C-A 50) Doc 287",
     "ca50-d287"
    ],
    [
     "1814 Dec 31",
     "counted in the 1814 friar roster; ministers Ripoll & Payeras served La Purísima, L.A. Martínez San Luis",
     "St. Pap., Missions (C-A 50) Doc 370",
     "ca50-d370"
    ]
   ],
   "series_label": "Counted",
   "result": "",
   "quote": null,
   "sources": [
    {
     "citation": "All rows from the Archives of California survey catalogs; C-A 50 unless noted. Figures are the documents' own.",
     "ca_record": null,
     "ia_leaf_url": null
    }
   ],
   "native_groups": [],
   "tags": [],
   "notes": "The counts are of people living AT the mission when counted; flight, death, and new baptism churn beneath every figure. A 1795 nominal padron of the Monterey-district missions exists (C-A 50 Doc 54).",
   "ca_volume": "50",
   "symbol": "mission"
  },
  {
   "id": "mi-san-francisco",
   "register_no": null,
   "name": "Mission San Francisco (Dolores)",
   "date": {
    "iso": null,
    "display": "founded 1776",
    "confidence": "exact"
   },
   "coords": [
    37.7644,
    -122.4269
   ],
   "coord_precision": "exact",
   "type": "mission",
   "layer": "missions",
   "summary": "Neophyte population as the annual registros and the 1790 censo campaign recorded it.",
   "series": [
    [
     "1785",
     "250",
     "C-A 50 Doc 10"
    ],
    [
     "1787",
     "476",
     "Doc 14"
    ],
    [
     "1790 Jul 1",
     "431 (Dolores)",
     "St. Pap., Missions (C-A 50) Doc 32",
     "ca50-d32"
    ],
    [
     "1792–96",
     "annual death rate 15.75% — the highest in Alta California, against 2½% in European villages",
     "St. Pap., Missions (C-A 50) Doc 69",
     "ca50-d69"
    ],
    [
     "1793 Dec",
     "704",
     "St. Pap., Missions (C-A 50) Doc 96",
     "ca50-d96"
    ]
   ],
   "series_label": "Counted",
   "result": "",
   "quote": null,
   "sources": [
    {
     "citation": "All rows from the Archives of California survey catalogs; C-A 50 unless noted. Figures are the documents' own.",
     "ca_record": null,
     "ia_leaf_url": null
    }
   ],
   "native_groups": [],
   "tags": [],
   "notes": "The counts are of people living AT the mission when counted; flight, death, and new baptism churn beneath every figure. A 1795 nominal padron of the Monterey-district missions exists (C-A 50 Doc 54).",
   "ca_volume": "50",
   "symbol": "mission"
  },
  {
   "id": "mi-santa-clara",
   "register_no": null,
   "name": "Mission Santa Clara",
   "date": {
    "iso": null,
    "display": "founded 1777",
    "confidence": "exact"
   },
   "coords": [
    37.3496,
    -121.939
   ],
   "coord_precision": "exact",
   "type": "mission",
   "layer": "missions",
   "summary": "Neophyte population as the annual registros and the 1790 censo campaign recorded it.",
   "series": [
    [
     "1785",
     "472",
     "C-A 50 Doc 10"
    ],
    [
     "1787",
     "608",
     "Doc 14"
    ],
    [
     "1790 Jul 1",
     "790[?]",
     "St. Pap., Missions (C-A 50) Doc 32",
     "ca50-d32"
    ],
    [
     "1790 Sep",
     "927 souls (925 indios)",
     "Doc 48"
    ],
    [
     "1792–96",
     "annual death rate 12.06%",
     "St. Pap., Missions (C-A 50) Doc 69",
     "ca50-d69"
    ],
    [
     "1793 Dec",
     "1,027",
     "St. Pap., Missions (C-A 50) Doc 96",
     "ca50-d96"
    ]
   ],
   "series_label": "Counted",
   "result": "",
   "quote": null,
   "sources": [
    {
     "citation": "All rows from the Archives of California survey catalogs; C-A 50 unless noted. Figures are the documents' own.",
     "ca_record": null,
     "ia_leaf_url": null
    }
   ],
   "native_groups": [],
   "tags": [],
   "notes": "The counts are of people living AT the mission when counted; flight, death, and new baptism churn beneath every figure. A 1795 nominal padron of the Monterey-district missions exists (C-A 50 Doc 54).",
   "ca_volume": "50",
   "symbol": "mission"
  },
  {
   "id": "mi-san-buenaventura",
   "register_no": null,
   "name": "Mission San Buenaventura",
   "date": {
    "iso": null,
    "display": "founded 1782",
    "confidence": "exact"
   },
   "coords": [
    34.2805,
    -119.2945
   ],
   "coord_precision": "exact",
   "type": "mission",
   "layer": "missions",
   "summary": "Neophyte population as the annual registros and the 1790 censo campaign recorded it.",
   "series": [
    [
     "1789",
     "380",
     "C-A 50 Doc 18"
    ],
    [
     "1790 Jul 1",
     "382",
     "St. Pap., Missions (C-A 50) Doc 32",
     "ca50-d32"
    ],
    [
     "1792–96",
     "annual death rate 7.30%",
     "St. Pap., Missions (C-A 50) Doc 69",
     "ca50-d69"
    ],
    [
     "1793 Dec",
     "482",
     "St. Pap., Missions (C-A 50) Doc 96",
     "ca50-d96"
    ]
   ],
   "series_label": "Counted",
   "result": "",
   "quote": null,
   "sources": [
    {
     "citation": "All rows from the Archives of California survey catalogs; C-A 50 unless noted. Figures are the documents' own.",
     "ca_record": null,
     "ia_leaf_url": null
    }
   ],
   "native_groups": [],
   "tags": [],
   "notes": "The counts are of people living AT the mission when counted; flight, death, and new baptism churn beneath every figure. A 1795 nominal padron of the Monterey-district missions exists (C-A 50 Doc 54).",
   "symbol": "mission"
  },
  {
   "id": "mi-santa-bárbara",
   "register_no": null,
   "name": "Mission Santa Bárbara (mission)",
   "date": {
    "iso": null,
    "display": "founded 1786",
    "confidence": "exact"
   },
   "coords": [
    34.4378,
    -119.7137
   ],
   "coord_precision": "exact",
   "type": "mission",
   "layer": "missions",
   "summary": "Neophyte population as the annual registros and the 1790 censo campaign recorded it.",
   "series": [
    [
     "1787",
     "183 (first inventory)",
     "C-A 50 Doc 14"
    ],
    [
     "1788",
     "361",
     "Doc 16"
    ],
    [
     "1789",
     "525",
     "Doc 18"
    ],
    [
     "1790 Jul 1",
     "456",
     "St. Pap., Missions (C-A 50) Doc 32",
     "ca50-d32"
    ],
    [
     "1792–96",
     "annual death rate 8.73%",
     "St. Pap., Missions (C-A 50) Doc 69",
     "ca50-d69"
    ],
    [
     "1827",
     "SB-jurisdiction missions together: 2,061 Indian men + 1,739 women",
     "St. Pap. Sac. (C-A 56) Doc 446"
    ]
   ],
   "series_label": "Counted",
   "result": "",
   "quote": null,
   "sources": [
    {
     "citation": "All rows from the Archives of California survey catalogs; C-A 50 unless noted. Figures are the documents' own.",
     "ca_record": null,
     "ia_leaf_url": null
    }
   ],
   "native_groups": [],
   "tags": [],
   "notes": "The counts are of people living AT the mission when counted; flight, death, and new baptism churn beneath every figure. A 1795 nominal padron of the Monterey-district missions exists (C-A 50 Doc 54).",
   "ca_volume": "50",
   "symbol": "mission"
  },
  {
   "id": "mi-santa-cruz",
   "register_no": null,
   "name": "Mission Santa Cruz",
   "date": {
    "iso": null,
    "display": "founded 1791",
    "confidence": "exact"
   },
   "coords": [
    36.9797,
    -122.0308
   ],
   "coord_precision": "exact",
   "type": "mission",
   "layer": "missions",
   "summary": "Neophyte population as the annual registros and the 1790 censo campaign recorded it.",
   "series": [
    [
     "1792–96",
     "annual death rate 11.78%",
     "St. Pap., Missions (C-A 50) Doc 69",
     "ca50-d69"
    ],
    [
     "1793 Dec",
     "234",
     "St. Pap., Missions (C-A 50) Doc 96",
     "ca50-d96"
    ],
    [
     "1797 Dec",
     "509 souls: 173 men, 189 women, 108 boys, 99 girls",
     "Prov. Rec. (C-A 24), Sav 394"
    ]
   ],
   "series_label": "Counted",
   "result": "",
   "quote": null,
   "sources": [
    {
     "citation": "All rows from the Archives of California survey catalogs; C-A 50 unless noted. Figures are the documents' own.",
     "ca_record": null,
     "ia_leaf_url": null
    }
   ],
   "native_groups": [],
   "tags": [],
   "notes": "The counts are of people living AT the mission when counted; flight, death, and new baptism churn beneath every figure. A 1795 nominal padron of the Monterey-district missions exists (C-A 50 Doc 54).",
   "symbol": "mission"
  },
  {
   "id": "mi-san-juan-bautista",
   "register_no": null,
   "name": "Mission San Juan Bautista",
   "date": {
    "iso": null,
    "display": "founded 1797",
    "confidence": "exact"
   },
   "coords": [
    36.8455,
    -121.537
   ],
   "coord_precision": "exact",
   "type": "mission",
   "layer": "missions",
   "summary": "Neophyte population as the annual registros and the 1790 censo campaign recorded it.",
   "series": [
    [
     "1798",
     "288 souls (63 marriages; 80 boys, 39 girls)",
     "St. Pap. Sac. (C-A 54) Doc III-14",
     "ca54-d184"
    ],
    [
     "1802 Dec 31",
     "910 — in a model padrón circulated to the missions as a template for census-making",
     "St. Pap., Missions (C-A 50) Doc 287 — *Método para formación de padrones*",
     "ca50-d287"
    ],
    [
     "1814 Dec 31",
     "counted in the 1814 friar roster of 19 missions; minister Arroyo de la Cuesta",
     "St. Pap., Missions (C-A 50) Doc 370 — *Informes estadísticos de los Ministros*",
     "ca50-d370"
    ]
   ],
   "series_label": "Counted",
   "result": "",
   "quote": null,
   "sources": [
    {
     "citation": "All rows from the Archives of California survey catalogs; C-A 50 unless noted. Figures are the documents' own.",
     "ca_record": null,
     "ia_leaf_url": null
    }
   ],
   "native_groups": [],
   "tags": [],
   "notes": "The counts are of people living AT the mission when counted; flight, death, and new baptism churn beneath every figure. A 1795 nominal padron of the Monterey-district missions exists (C-A 50 Doc 54).",
   "symbol": "mission"
  },
  {
   "id": "mi-san-luis-rey",
   "register_no": null,
   "name": "Mission San Luis Rey",
   "date": {
    "iso": null,
    "display": "founded 1798",
    "confidence": "exact"
   },
   "coords": [
    33.2318,
    -117.3178
   ],
   "coord_precision": "exact",
   "type": "mission",
   "layer": "missions",
   "summary": "Neophyte population as the annual registros and the 1790 censo campaign recorded it.",
   "series": [
    [
     "1814 Dec",
     "the eastern limit of the province-wide *Resumen general*, which ran Monterey to San Luis Rey: ≈22,030 souls in all",
     "Prov. St. Pap., Benicia (Mil.) (C-A 17) Doc 64",
     "ca17-d64"
    ],
    [
     "1814 Dec 31",
     "counted in the 1814 friar roster; ministers Suñer & Peyrí",
     "St. Pap., Missions (C-A 50) Doc 370 — *Informes estadísticos de los Ministros*",
     "ca50-d370"
    ],
    [
     "1816",
     "counted in the census of all 21 missions",
     "Prov. St. Pap., Benicia (Mil.) (C-A 17) Doc 185",
     "ca17-d185"
    ],
    [
     "1829 Dec 31",
     "counted in the 1829 statistical report; ministers Peyri & Barona",
     "St. Pap., Missions (C-A 51) Doc 4",
     "ca51-d4"
    ],
    [
     "1839 Jul",
     "40 Indians resident: 29 men, 11 women — the largest mission population in the province, five years after secularization",
     "DSP Angeles (C-A 35) Doc 150"
    ]
   ],
   "series_label": "Counted",
   "result": "",
   "quote": null,
   "sources": [
    {
     "citation": "All rows from the Archives of California survey catalogs; C-A 50 unless noted. Figures are the documents' own.",
     "ca_record": null,
     "ia_leaf_url": null
    }
   ],
   "native_groups": [],
   "tags": [],
   "notes": "The counts are of people living AT the mission when counted; flight, death, and new baptism churn beneath every figure. A 1795 nominal padron of the Monterey-district missions exists (C-A 50 Doc 54).",
   "symbol": "mission"
  },
  {
   "id": "mi-la-purísima",
   "register_no": null,
   "name": "Mission La Purísima",
   "date": {
    "iso": null,
    "display": "founded 1787",
    "confidence": "exact"
   },
   "coords": [
    34.6724,
    -120.4239
   ],
   "coord_precision": "exact",
   "type": "mission",
   "layer": "missions",
   "summary": "Neophyte population as the annual registros and the 1790 censo campaign recorded it.",
   "series": [
    [
     "1788",
     "95 (first inventory)",
     "C-A 50 Doc 16"
    ],
    [
     "1789",
     "151",
     "Doc 18"
    ],
    [
     "1790",
     "151 (province table)",
     "Doc 32"
    ],
    [
     "1790 Jul 1",
     "151",
     "St. Pap., Missions (C-A 50) Doc 32",
     "ca50-d32"
    ],
    [
     "1792–96",
     "annual death rate 5.90%",
     "St. Pap., Missions (C-A 50) Doc 69",
     "ca50-d69"
    ]
   ],
   "series_label": "Counted",
   "result": "",
   "quote": null,
   "sources": [
    {
     "citation": "All rows from the Archives of California survey catalogs; C-A 50 unless noted. Figures are the documents' own.",
     "ca_record": null,
     "ia_leaf_url": null
    }
   ],
   "native_groups": [],
   "tags": [],
   "notes": "The counts are of people living AT the mission when counted; flight, death, and new baptism churn beneath every figure. A 1795 nominal padron of the Monterey-district missions exists (C-A 50 Doc 54).",
   "ca_volume": "50",
   "symbol": "mission"
  },
  {
   "id": "bm-san-francisco-de-borja",
   "register_no": null,
   "name": "Mission San Francisco de Borja (Baja)",
   "date": {
    "iso": null,
    "display": "context",
    "confidence": "exact"
   },
   "coords": [
    28.744,
    -113.753
   ],
   "coord_precision": "place",
   "type": "mission",
   "layer": "baja",
   "summary": "The Dominican frontier counted in the same 1790 campaign.",
   "series": [
    [
     "1790",
     "614 souls (612 indios) — the largest Baja mission",
     "C-A 50 Doc 26"
    ],
    [
     "1791 Dec 31",
     "one of the 18 poblaciones in the Baja *Estado del censo y castas*",
     "St. Pap., Missions (C-A 50) Doc 38",
     "ca50-d38"
    ]
   ],
   "series_label": "Counted",
   "result": "",
   "quote": null,
   "sources": [
    {
     "citation": "All rows from the Archives of California survey catalogs; C-A 50 unless noted. Figures are the documents' own.",
     "ca_record": null,
     "ia_leaf_url": null
    }
   ],
   "native_groups": [],
   "tags": [],
   "notes": "",
   "symbol": "mission"
  },
  {
   "id": "bm-san-fernando-velicatá",
   "register_no": null,
   "name": "Mission San Fernando Velicatá (Baja)",
   "date": {
    "iso": null,
    "display": "context",
    "confidence": "exact"
   },
   "coords": [
    29.971,
    -115.236
   ],
   "coord_precision": "place",
   "type": "mission",
   "layer": "baja",
   "summary": "The Dominican frontier counted in the same 1790 campaign.",
   "series": [
    [
     "1790",
     "479 souls (475 indios)",
     "C-A 50 Doc 28"
    ],
    [
     "1791 Dec 31",
     "one of the 18 poblaciones in the Baja *Estado del censo y castas*",
     "St. Pap., Missions (C-A 50) Doc 38",
     "ca50-d38"
    ]
   ],
   "series_label": "Counted",
   "result": "",
   "quote": null,
   "sources": [
    {
     "citation": "All rows from the Archives of California survey catalogs; C-A 50 unless noted. Figures are the documents' own.",
     "ca_record": null,
     "ia_leaf_url": null
    }
   ],
   "native_groups": [],
   "tags": [],
   "notes": "",
   "symbol": "mission"
  },
  {
   "id": "bm-el-rosario",
   "register_no": null,
   "name": "Mission El Rosario (Baja)",
   "date": {
    "iso": null,
    "display": "context",
    "confidence": "exact"
   },
   "coords": [
    30.062,
    -115.723
   ],
   "coord_precision": "place",
   "type": "mission",
   "layer": "baja",
   "summary": "The Dominican frontier counted in the same 1790 campaign.",
   "series": [
    [
     "1790",
     "348 souls (338 indios)",
     "C-A 50 Doc 45"
    ],
    [
     "1791 Dec 31",
     "one of the 18 poblaciones in the Baja *Estado del censo y castas*",
     "St. Pap., Missions (C-A 50) Doc 38",
     "ca50-d38"
    ]
   ],
   "series_label": "Counted",
   "result": "",
   "quote": null,
   "sources": [
    {
     "citation": "All rows from the Archives of California survey catalogs; C-A 50 unless noted. Figures are the documents' own.",
     "ca_record": null,
     "ia_leaf_url": null
    }
   ],
   "native_groups": [],
   "tags": [],
   "notes": "Two mission sites: the 1774 first site by the modern town (plotted) and the 1802 second site ~2.8 km southwest.",
   "symbol": "mission"
  },
  {
   "id": "bm-san-vicente",
   "register_no": null,
   "name": "Mission San Vicente (Baja)",
   "date": {
    "iso": null,
    "display": "context",
    "confidence": "exact"
   },
   "coords": [
    31.333,
    -116.25
   ],
   "coord_precision": "place",
   "type": "mission",
   "layer": "baja",
   "summary": "The Dominican frontier counted in the same 1790 campaign.",
   "series": [
    [
     "1790",
     "257 souls (251 indios)",
     "C-A 50 Doc 43"
    ],
    [
     "1791 Dec 31",
     "one of the 18 poblaciones in the Baja *Estado del censo y castas*",
     "St. Pap., Missions (C-A 50) Doc 38",
     "ca50-d38"
    ]
   ],
   "series_label": "Counted",
   "result": "",
   "quote": null,
   "sources": [
    {
     "citation": "All rows from the Archives of California survey catalogs; C-A 50 unless noted. Figures are the documents' own.",
     "ca_record": null,
     "ia_leaf_url": null
    }
   ],
   "native_groups": [],
   "tags": [],
   "notes": "",
   "symbol": "mission"
  },
  {
   "id": "bm-santo-domingo",
   "register_no": null,
   "name": "Mission Santo Domingo (Baja)",
   "date": {
    "iso": null,
    "display": "context",
    "confidence": "exact"
   },
   "coords": [
    30.769,
    -115.937
   ],
   "coord_precision": "place",
   "type": "mission",
   "layer": "baja",
   "summary": "The Dominican frontier counted in the same 1790 campaign.",
   "series": [
    [
     "1790",
     "205 souls (196 indios)",
     "C-A 50 Doc 44"
    ],
    [
     "1791 Dec 31",
     "one of the 18 poblaciones in the Baja *Estado del censo y castas*",
     "St. Pap., Missions (C-A 50) Doc 38",
     "ca50-d38"
    ]
   ],
   "series_label": "Counted",
   "result": "",
   "quote": null,
   "sources": [
    {
     "citation": "All rows from the Archives of California survey catalogs; C-A 50 unless noted. Figures are the documents' own.",
     "ca_record": null,
     "ia_leaf_url": null
    }
   ],
   "native_groups": [],
   "tags": [],
   "notes": "",
   "symbol": "mission"
  },
  {
   "id": "bm-san-miguel-de-la-frontera",
   "register_no": null,
   "name": "Mission San Miguel de la Frontera (Baja)",
   "date": {
    "iso": null,
    "display": "context",
    "confidence": "exact"
   },
   "coords": [
    32.096,
    -116.848
   ],
   "coord_precision": "place",
   "type": "mission",
   "layer": "baja",
   "summary": "The Dominican frontier counted in the same 1790 campaign.",
   "series": [
    [
     "1790",
     "127 souls",
     "C-A 50 Doc 46"
    ],
    [
     "1791 Dec 31",
     "one of the 18 poblaciones in the Baja *Estado del censo y castas*; Santo Tomás appears the same year, newly founded",
     "St. Pap., Missions (C-A 50) Doc 38",
     "ca50-d38"
    ]
   ],
   "series_label": "Counted",
   "result": "",
   "quote": null,
   "sources": [
    {
     "citation": "All rows from the Archives of California survey catalogs; C-A 50 unless noted. Figures are the documents' own.",
     "ca_record": null,
     "ia_leaf_url": null
    }
   ],
   "native_groups": [],
   "tags": [],
   "notes": "",
   "symbol": "mission"
  },
  {
   "id": "pr-monterey",
   "register_no": null,
   "name": "Presidio of Monterey",
   "date": {
    "iso": null,
    "display": "1790–1828",
    "confidence": "exact"
   },
   "coords": [
    36.5966,
    -121.8923
   ],
   "coord_precision": "exact",
   "type": "event",
   "layer": "presidios",
   "summary": "The capital's garrison and the seat of the Monterey jurisdiction. It is the single best-documented place in the archive; 6,123 catalog records carry Monterey as their place; yet it appears in the census series only through the province-wide tables and its own jurisdiction estados. The 1797 estado of the whole Monterey jurisdiction; presidio plus the six missions from San Carlos to San Miguel; survives as its own tabulation.",
   "series": [
    [
     "1790 Jul 1",
     "216",
     "St. Pap., Missions (C-A 50) Doc 32 — *Resumen de la población de los establecimientos de la Nueva California*",
     "ca50-d32"
    ],
    [
     "1791 Dec 31",
     "the jurisdiction by establishment: 873 hombres / 845 mujeres / 552 niños / 494 niñas; by casta 59+ españoles, 763+ indios, 16+ mestizos, 35+ *color quebrado*",
     "St. Pap., Missions (C-A 50) Doc 68 — *Estado… del número de vasallos y habitantes*",
     "ca50-d68"
    ],
    [
     "1793 Dec",
     "265",
     "St. Pap., Missions (C-A 50) Doc 96 — *Población de la Nueva California a fin de Dic. de 1793*",
     "ca50-d96"
    ],
    [
     "1795 Mar",
     "255 gente de razón",
     "St. Pap., Sacramento (C-A 56) Doc 378 — province-wide census of both Californias",
     "ca56-d378"
    ],
    [
     "1828",
     "the jurisdiction: 1,074 souls, of whom 287 Indians",
     "St. Pap., Missions (C-A 50) Doc 419 — 1828 Monterey jurisdiction *estado*",
     "ca50-d419"
    ]
   ],
   "series_label": "Counted",
   "result": "The capital, counted",
   "quote": null,
   "sources": [
    {
     "citation": "Every row cites its own document in the Archives of California; follow the link to the catalog record.",
     "ca_record": null,
     "ia_leaf_url": null
    },
    {
     "citation": "Estado de población de la jurisdicción del Presidio de Monterey, 1797 (C-A 50), doc 238",
     "ca_record": "ca50-d238",
     "ia_leaf_url": null
    }
   ],
   "native_groups": [],
   "tags": [],
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "mi-la-soledad",
   "register_no": null,
   "name": "Mission Nuestra Señora de la Soledad",
   "date": {
    "iso": null,
    "display": "1791–1814",
    "confidence": "exact"
   },
   "coords": [
    36.4046,
    -121.3558
   ],
   "coord_precision": "exact",
   "type": "event",
   "layer": "missions",
   "summary": "Founded October 1791 and absent from this map until now. Its first appearance in the record is as a new line in the Monterey jurisdiction's own return for the year it was founded.",
   "series": [
    [
     "1791 Dec 31",
     "its first appearance in a census — a new establishment in the Monterey jurisdiction table, founded that October",
     "St. Pap., Missions (C-A 50) Doc 68",
     "ca50-d68"
    ],
    [
     "1792–96",
     "annual death rate 6.33%",
     "St. Pap., Missions (C-A 50) Doc 69 — *Cálculo de la mortalidad en las misiones de la Alta California*",
     "ca50-d69"
    ],
    [
     "1793 Dec",
     "218",
     "St. Pap., Missions (C-A 50) Doc 96",
     "ca50-d96"
    ],
    [
     "1802 Dec 31",
     "included in the model padrón circulated to the missions",
     "St. Pap., Missions (C-A 50) Doc 287",
     "ca50-d287"
    ],
    [
     "1814 Dec 31",
     "counted in the 1814 friar roster; minister Ibáñez",
     "St. Pap., Missions (C-A 50) Doc 370",
     "ca50-d370"
    ]
   ],
   "series_label": "Counted",
   "result": "Founded 1791, counted from the first year",
   "quote": null,
   "sources": [
    {
     "citation": "Every row cites its own document in the Archives of California; follow the link to the catalog record.",
     "ca_record": null,
     "ia_leaf_url": null
    }
   ],
   "native_groups": [],
   "tags": [],
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "mi-san-jose",
   "register_no": null,
   "name": "Mission San José",
   "date": {
    "iso": null,
    "display": "1816–1829",
    "confidence": "exact"
   },
   "coords": [
    37.5333,
    -121.919
   ],
   "coord_precision": "exact",
   "type": "event",
   "layer": "missions",
   "summary": "Founded 1797. No standalone count for it has yet been located in the catalog; it is counted here only where the province-wide tables enumerate all twenty-one missions. That absence is itself a finding about the survey's coverage.",
   "series": [
    [
     "1816",
     "counted in the mission-by-mission census of all 21 missions; total Alta California ≈22,432 souls",
     "Prov. St. Pap., Benicia (Mil.) (C-A 17) Doc 185 — *Misiones de los RR.PP. Fernandinos*",
     "ca17-d185"
    ],
    [
     "1829 Dec 31",
     "counted in the statistical report on all 21 missions; minister Durán",
     "St. Pap., Missions (C-A 51) Doc 4 — 1829 statistical report on ALL Alta California missions",
     "ca51-d4"
    ]
   ],
   "series_label": "Counted",
   "result": "Present in the province tables, absent from the map until now",
   "quote": null,
   "sources": [
    {
     "citation": "Every row cites its own document in the Archives of California; follow the link to the catalog record.",
     "ca_record": null,
     "ia_leaf_url": null
    }
   ],
   "native_groups": [],
   "tags": [],
   "notes": "⚠ No mission-specific padrón for San José has been identified in the catalog. The readings here are its lines in province-wide tables."
  },
  {
   "id": "mi-san-miguel",
   "register_no": null,
   "name": "Mission San Miguel Arcángel",
   "date": {
    "iso": null,
    "display": "1802–1831",
    "confidence": "exact"
   },
   "coords": [
    35.7472,
    -120.696
   ],
   "coord_precision": "exact",
   "type": "event",
   "layer": "missions",
   "summary": "Founded 1797, between San Antonio and San Luis Obispo on the Monterey road.",
   "series": [
    [
     "1802 Dec 31",
     "included in the model padrón circulated to the missions as a census template",
     "St. Pap., Missions (C-A 50) Doc 287",
     "ca50-d287"
    ],
    [
     "1814 Dec 31",
     "counted in the 1814 friar roster; minister Juan Martín",
     "St. Pap., Missions (C-A 50) Doc 370",
     "ca50-d370"
    ],
    [
     "1816",
     "counted in the census of all 21 missions",
     "Prov. St. Pap., Benicia (Mil.) (C-A 17) Doc 185",
     "ca17-d185"
    ],
    [
     "1829 Dec 31",
     "counted in the 1829 statistical report; minister J. Cabot",
     "St. Pap., Missions (C-A 51) Doc 4",
     "ca51-d4"
    ],
    [
     "1831 Jan",
     "the emancipation *bando* of 6 January 1831 promulgated to the San Miguel neophytes, the act witnessed by Juan B. Alvarado",
     "Dep. St. Pap., Benicia (C-A 28) Doc 3 — *Publicación del Bando de 6 Enero 1831 para inteligencia de los neófitos*",
     "ca28-d3"
    ]
   ],
   "series_label": "Counted",
   "result": "Counted from 1802",
   "quote": null,
   "sources": [
    {
     "citation": "Every row cites its own document in the Archives of California; follow the link to the catalog record.",
     "ca_record": null,
     "ia_leaf_url": null
    }
   ],
   "native_groups": [],
   "tags": [],
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "mi-san-fernando",
   "register_no": null,
   "name": "Mission San Fernando Rey",
   "date": {
    "iso": null,
    "display": "1814–1846",
    "confidence": "exact"
   },
   "coords": [
    34.2733,
    -118.462
   ],
   "coord_precision": "exact",
   "type": "event",
   "layer": "missions",
   "summary": "Founded 1797 in the valley north of Los Ángeles, and the northern anchor of the Santa Bárbara district's returns.",
   "series": [
    [
     "1814 Dec 31",
     "counted in the 1814 friar roster; ministers Muñoz & Oliva",
     "St. Pap., Missions (C-A 50) Doc 370",
     "ca50-d370"
    ],
    [
     "1828 Dec 31",
     "named in the Santa Bárbara jurisdiction *estado*: the district held 2,854 souls, of whom ~2,348 Indians",
     "St. Pap., Missions (C-A 50) Doc 420",
     "ca50-d420"
    ],
    [
     "1834 Jul 25",
     "surveyed in the 1834 statistical questionnaire for the Mexican national statistics — terrain, routes, buildings, orchards, and 60 barrels of aguardiente with the Tujunga acequia",
     "Dep. St. Pap., Benicia (C-A 20) Doc 223 — 'Nota analítica sobre la formación de la estadística'",
     "ca20-d223"
    ],
    [
     "1846 Jun",
     "sold outright to Eulogio Célis for $14,000",
     "St. Pap., Missions (C-A 51) Doc 161 — the consolidated record of Pico's mission alienations",
     "ca51-d161"
    ]
   ],
   "series_label": "Counted",
   "result": "Counted 1814–1834, sold 1846",
   "quote": null,
   "sources": [
    {
     "citation": "Every row cites its own document in the Archives of California; follow the link to the catalog record.",
     "ca_record": null,
     "ia_leaf_url": null
    }
   ],
   "native_groups": [],
   "tags": [],
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "mi-santa-ines",
   "register_no": null,
   "name": "Mission Santa Inés",
   "date": {
    "iso": null,
    "display": "1814–1834",
    "confidence": "exact"
   },
   "coords": [
    34.5964,
    -120.137
   ],
   "coord_precision": "exact",
   "type": "event",
   "layer": "missions",
   "summary": "Founded 1804, the last mission of the Santa Bárbara channel group and the nineteenth of the twenty-one.",
   "series": [
    [
     "1814 Dec 31",
     "counted in the 1814 friar roster; ministers Tapis & Uría",
     "St. Pap., Missions (C-A 50) Doc 370",
     "ca50-d370"
    ],
    [
     "1816",
     "counted in the census of all 21 missions",
     "Prov. St. Pap., Benicia (Mil.) (C-A 17) Doc 185",
     "ca17-d185"
    ],
    [
     "1828 Dec 31",
     "named in the Santa Bárbara jurisdiction *estado*",
     "St. Pap., Missions (C-A 50) Doc 420",
     "ca50-d420"
    ],
    [
     "1829 Dec 31",
     "counted in the 1829 statistical report; minister Ordaz",
     "St. Pap., Missions (C-A 51) Doc 4",
     "ca51-d4"
    ],
    [
     "1834 Jul 25",
     "surveyed in the 1834 statistical questionnaire",
     "Dep. St. Pap., Benicia (C-A 20) Doc 223",
     "ca20-d223"
    ]
   ],
   "series_label": "Counted",
   "result": "Counted from 1814",
   "quote": null,
   "sources": [
    {
     "citation": "Every row cites its own document in the Archives of California; follow the link to the catalog record.",
     "ca_record": null,
     "ia_leaf_url": null
    }
   ],
   "native_groups": [],
   "tags": [],
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "mi-san-rafael",
   "register_no": null,
   "name": "Mission San Rafael Arcángel",
   "date": {
    "iso": null,
    "display": "1828–1840",
    "confidence": "exact"
   },
   "coords": [
    37.9735,
    -122.5311
   ],
   "coord_precision": "exact",
   "type": "event",
   "layer": "missions",
   "summary": "Founded 1817 north of the bay, and one of the two missions the 1828 secularization blueprint proposed to exempt because they lay beyond the San Francisco river.",
   "series": [
    [
     "1828",
     "exempted, with San Francisco Solano, from the plan to convert all the missions into pueblos, 'north of the SF river'",
     "C-A 59 (C-A 59) Doc 31 — 'Plan para convertir en pueblos las Misiones de las dos Californias'",
     "ca59-d31"
    ],
    [
     "1829 Dec 31",
     "counted in the 1829 statistical report; minister Amorós",
     "St. Pap., Missions (C-A 51) Doc 4",
     "ca51-d4"
    ],
    [
     "1834 Dec 31",
     "343 Indians of the new Pueblo de San Rafael received 463 rams, 828 ewes, 97 horses and 343 mares — roughly two rams, three ewes and two equines each",
     "St. Pap., Missions (C-A 50) Doc 457 — *Estado de Bienes semovientes repartidos á los indios*",
     "ca50-d457"
    ],
    [
     "1840 Oct 1",
     "the linderos of the new Pueblo of San Rafael demarcated by Ignacio Martínez with mayordomo Gregorio Briones, alcalde Jácome Marino and the caporales Camilo and Tiberio",
     "St. Pap., Missions (C-A 51) Doc 143",
     "ca51-d143"
    ]
   ],
   "series_label": "Counted",
   "result": "Counted as a mission, then as a pueblo",
   "quote": null,
   "sources": [
    {
     "citation": "Every row cites its own document in the Archives of California; follow the link to the catalog record.",
     "ca_record": null,
     "ia_leaf_url": null
    }
   ],
   "native_groups": [],
   "tags": [],
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "mi-solano",
   "register_no": null,
   "name": "Mission San Francisco Solano (Sonoma)",
   "date": {
    "iso": null,
    "display": "1828–1835",
    "confidence": "exact"
   },
   "coords": [
    38.2939,
    -122.4581
   ],
   "coord_precision": "exact",
   "type": "event",
   "layer": "missions",
   "summary": "Founded 1823, the twenty-first and last mission and the only one founded under the Mexican republic. Its 1835 padrón is the northernmost settlement count in the Alta California series.",
   "series": [
    [
     "1828",
     "exempted, with San Rafael, from the plan to convert all the missions into pueblos",
     "C-A 59 (C-A 59) Doc 31",
     "ca59-d31"
    ],
    [
     "1829 Dec 31",
     "counted in the 1829 statistical report; minister Fortuni",
     "St. Pap., Missions (C-A 51) Doc 4",
     "ca51-d4"
    ],
    [
     "1835",
     "549 souls — the padrón of the Pueblo of Solano (Sonoma)",
     "St. Pap., Missions (C-A 51) Doc 22 — *padrón* of the Pueblo of Solano",
     "ca51-d22"
    ]
   ],
   "series_label": "Counted",
   "result": "549 souls in 1835",
   "quote": null,
   "sources": [
    {
     "citation": "Every row cites its own document in the Archives of California; follow the link to the catalog record.",
     "ca_record": null,
     "ia_leaf_url": null
    }
   ],
   "native_groups": [],
   "tags": [],
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "census-1822-independence",
   "register_no": null,
   "name": "The 1822 census · California counted at independence",
   "date": {
    "iso": "1822-04-11",
    "display": "April 1822 (the Diputación's founding session)",
    "confidence": "exact"
   },
   "coords": [
    36.66,
    -121.95
   ],
   "coord_precision": "area",
   "type": "event",
   "layer": "province",
   "symbol": "scroll",
   "summary": "The count laid before the founding session of the Diputación: California at independence held 24,990 inhabitants; 21,196 of them 'nuevos ciudadanos,' the mission neophytes of the 20 missions, and 2,994 the four presidial companies with their women, children, and invalids. The gente de razón were a rounding error on their own province.",
   "result": "",
   "quote": null,
   "sources": [
    {
     "citation": "Legislative Records (C-A 59), doc 4 · the founding session acta with the 1822 census",
     "ca_record": "ca59-d4",
     "ia_leaf_url": null
    }
   ],
   "native_groups": [],
   "tags": [
    "census"
   ],
   "notes": "Corroborates the '3,000 almas' of gente de razón in C-A 46 Doc 99."
  }
 ],
 "symbol_min_zoom": 5,
 "symbol_key_title": "What the symbols mean",
 "symbol_key": [
  {
   "symbol": "mission",
   "label": "Mission (counted)",
   "color": "#6b6257"
  },
  {
   "symbol": "fort",
   "label": "Presidio (counted)",
   "color": "#6b6257"
  },
  {
   "symbol": "pueblo",
   "label": "Pueblo (counted)",
   "color": "#6b6257"
  },
  {
   "symbol": "scroll",
   "label": "Province-wide return",
   "color": "#8a5a2b"
  }
 ]
}