{
 "id": "missions-establishments",
 "title": "Missions & Establishments",
 "subtitle": "The 21 missions, their sub-stations, the Russian colony, and New Helvetia, 1769–1846",
 "abstract": "Every fixed establishment of colonial California on one map: the 21 Franciscan missions with founding years, the asistencias and estancias that extended them inland, a selected layer of the missions' named ranchos and outstations (Suisun and Napa for Sonoma, San Mateo for Dolores, Temecula and San Jacinto for San Luis Rey, and more), the Russian-American Company's fort, port, and farm ranches on the Sonoma coast, and Sutter's New Helvetia on the Sacramento. The outstation list is selected, not exhaustive: the missions ran many more ranchos. Use the timeline to watch the chain grow north and the rivals appear. Outstation and ranch locations are approximate; mission sites are exact.",
 "date_range": [
  1769,
  1846
 ],
 "center": [
  36.2,
  -119.8
 ],
 "zoom": 6,
 "cite_key": "establishments",
 "last_updated": "2026-07-15",
 "layers": [
  {
   "id": "missions",
   "label": "Franciscan Missions (21)",
   "color": "#7a2e2e"
  },
  {
   "id": "asistencias",
   "label": "Asistencias & Estancias",
   "color": "#b7791f"
  },
  {
   "id": "outstations",
   "label": "Mission Ranchos & Outstations (selected)",
   "color": "#2e5a4b"
  },
  {
   "id": "russian",
   "label": "Russian Establishments",
   "color": "#8e44ad"
  },
  {
   "id": "sutter",
   "label": "New Helvetia (Sutter)",
   "color": "#275d7a"
  }
 ],
 "features": [
  {
   "id": "m-san-diego-de-alcala",
   "register_no": null,
   "name": "Mission San Diego de Alcalá",
   "date": {
    "iso": "1769",
    "display": "founded 1769",
    "confidence": "year"
   },
   "coords": [
    32.7844,
    -117.1064
   ],
   "coord_precision": "exact",
   "type": "mission",
   "layer": "missions",
   "summary": "First of the chain; destroyed in the 1775 revolt and rebuilt at this valley site.",
   "result": "",
   "quote": null,
   "sources": [
    {
     "citation": "Founding dates per the standard accounts (Bancroft, Hist. Cal.; Engelhardt).",
     "ca_record": null,
     "ia_leaf_url": null
    }
   ],
   "native_groups": [],
   "tags": [],
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "m-san-carlos-borromeo-carmel",
   "register_no": null,
   "name": "Mission San Carlos Borromeo (Carmel)",
   "date": {
    "iso": "1770",
    "display": "founded 1770",
    "confidence": "year"
   },
   "coords": [
    36.5433,
    -121.919
   ],
   "coord_precision": "exact",
   "type": "mission",
   "layer": "missions",
   "summary": "Serra's headquarters and burial place; moved from Monterey to Carmel in 1771.",
   "result": "",
   "quote": null,
   "sources": [
    {
     "citation": "Founding dates per the standard accounts (Bancroft, Hist. Cal.; Engelhardt).",
     "ca_record": null,
     "ia_leaf_url": null
    }
   ],
   "native_groups": [],
   "tags": [],
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "m-san-antonio-de-padua",
   "register_no": null,
   "name": "Mission San Antonio de Padua",
   "date": {
    "iso": "1771",
    "display": "founded 1771",
    "confidence": "year"
   },
   "coords": [
    36.0144,
    -121.2497
   ],
   "coord_precision": "exact",
   "type": "mission",
   "layer": "missions",
   "summary": "The upper Salinas valley mission, in Salinan country.",
   "result": "",
   "quote": null,
   "sources": [
    {
     "citation": "Founding dates per the standard accounts (Bancroft, Hist. Cal.; Engelhardt).",
     "ca_record": null,
     "ia_leaf_url": null
    }
   ],
   "native_groups": [],
   "tags": [],
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "m-san-gabriel-arcangel",
   "register_no": null,
   "name": "Mission San Gabriel Arcángel",
   "date": {
    "iso": "1771",
    "display": "founded 1771",
    "confidence": "year"
   },
   "coords": [
    34.0967,
    -118.1067
   ],
   "coord_precision": "exact",
   "type": "mission",
   "layer": "missions",
   "summary": "The richest of the southern missions; Toypurina's 1785 revolt; the gateway of the overland routes.",
   "result": "",
   "quote": null,
   "sources": [
    {
     "citation": "Founding dates per the standard accounts (Bancroft, Hist. Cal.; Engelhardt).",
     "ca_record": null,
     "ia_leaf_url": null
    }
   ],
   "native_groups": [],
   "tags": [],
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "m-san-luis-obispo-de-tolosa",
   "register_no": null,
   "name": "Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa",
   "date": {
    "iso": "1772",
    "display": "founded 1772",
    "confidence": "year"
   },
   "coords": [
    35.281,
    -120.664
   ],
   "coord_precision": "exact",
   "type": "mission",
   "layer": "missions",
   "summary": "Founded on the strength of the Portolá expedition's bear hunts in the Cañada de los Osos.",
   "result": "",
   "quote": null,
   "sources": [
    {
     "citation": "Founding dates per the standard accounts (Bancroft, Hist. Cal.; Engelhardt).",
     "ca_record": null,
     "ia_leaf_url": null
    }
   ],
   "native_groups": [],
   "tags": [],
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "m-san-francisco-de-asis-dolores",
   "register_no": null,
   "name": "Mission San Francisco de Asís (Dolores)",
   "date": {
    "iso": "1776",
    "display": "founded 1776",
    "confidence": "year"
   },
   "coords": [
    37.7644,
    -122.4269
   ],
   "coord_precision": "exact",
   "type": "mission",
   "layer": "missions",
   "summary": "The Bay's first mission; its neophyte flights across the water drove the 1795–97 East Bay expeditions.",
   "result": "",
   "quote": null,
   "sources": [
    {
     "citation": "Founding dates per the standard accounts (Bancroft, Hist. Cal.; Engelhardt).",
     "ca_record": null,
     "ia_leaf_url": null
    }
   ],
   "native_groups": [],
   "tags": [],
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "m-san-juan-capistrano",
   "register_no": null,
   "name": "Mission San Juan Capistrano",
   "date": {
    "iso": "1776",
    "display": "founded 1776",
    "confidence": "year"
   },
   "coords": [
    33.5017,
    -117.6628
   ],
   "coord_precision": "exact",
   "type": "mission",
   "layer": "missions",
   "summary": "Founded twice, 1775 and 1776, after the San Diego revolt interrupted the first attempt.",
   "result": "",
   "quote": null,
   "sources": [
    {
     "citation": "Founding dates per the standard accounts (Bancroft, Hist. Cal.; Engelhardt).",
     "ca_record": null,
     "ia_leaf_url": null
    }
   ],
   "native_groups": [],
   "tags": [],
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "m-santa-clara-de-asis",
   "register_no": null,
   "name": "Mission Santa Clara de Asís",
   "date": {
    "iso": "1777",
    "display": "founded 1777",
    "confidence": "year"
   },
   "coords": [
    37.3496,
    -121.939
   ],
   "coord_precision": "exact",
   "type": "mission",
   "layer": "missions",
   "summary": "Paired with the pueblo of San José, whose fields bordered too closely for the friars' comfort.",
   "result": "",
   "quote": null,
   "sources": [
    {
     "citation": "Founding dates per the standard accounts (Bancroft, Hist. Cal.; Engelhardt).",
     "ca_record": null,
     "ia_leaf_url": null
    }
   ],
   "native_groups": [],
   "tags": [],
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "m-san-buenaventura",
   "register_no": null,
   "name": "Mission San Buenaventura",
   "date": {
    "iso": "1782",
    "display": "founded 1782",
    "confidence": "year"
   },
   "coords": [
    34.2805,
    -119.2945
   ],
   "coord_precision": "exact",
   "type": "mission",
   "layer": "missions",
   "summary": "The Channel mission Serra founded last in person; armed with cannon in the 1798 census.",
   "result": "",
   "quote": null,
   "sources": [
    {
     "citation": "Founding dates per the standard accounts (Bancroft, Hist. Cal.; Engelhardt).",
     "ca_record": null,
     "ia_leaf_url": null
    }
   ],
   "native_groups": [],
   "tags": [],
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "m-santa-barbara",
   "register_no": null,
   "name": "Mission Santa Bárbara",
   "date": {
    "iso": "1786",
    "display": "founded 1786",
    "confidence": "year"
   },
   "coords": [
    34.4378,
    -119.7137
   ],
   "coord_precision": "exact",
   "type": "mission",
   "layer": "missions",
   "summary": "The 'Queen of the Missions,' beside the presidio; a center of the 1824 Chumash revolt.",
   "result": "",
   "quote": null,
   "sources": [
    {
     "citation": "Founding dates per the standard accounts (Bancroft, Hist. Cal.; Engelhardt).",
     "ca_record": null,
     "ia_leaf_url": null
    }
   ],
   "native_groups": [],
   "tags": [],
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "m-la-purisima-concepcion",
   "register_no": null,
   "name": "Mission La Purísima Concepción",
   "date": {
    "iso": "1787",
    "display": "founded 1787",
    "confidence": "year"
   },
   "coords": [
    34.6724,
    -120.4239
   ],
   "coord_precision": "exact",
   "type": "mission",
   "layer": "missions",
   "summary": "Seized by Chumash rebels for a month in 1824; rebuilt after the 1812 earthquake at the present site.",
   "result": "",
   "quote": null,
   "sources": [
    {
     "citation": "Founding dates per the standard accounts (Bancroft, Hist. Cal.; Engelhardt).",
     "ca_record": null,
     "ia_leaf_url": null
    }
   ],
   "native_groups": [],
   "tags": [],
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "m-santa-cruz",
   "register_no": null,
   "name": "Mission Santa Cruz",
   "date": {
    "iso": "1791",
    "display": "founded 1791",
    "confidence": "year"
   },
   "coords": [
    36.9797,
    -122.0308
   ],
   "coord_precision": "exact",
   "type": "mission",
   "layer": "missions",
   "summary": "Across the river from the villa of Branciforte, whose settlers the friars blamed for most of their troubles.",
   "result": "",
   "quote": null,
   "sources": [
    {
     "citation": "Founding dates per the standard accounts (Bancroft, Hist. Cal.; Engelhardt).",
     "ca_record": null,
     "ia_leaf_url": null
    }
   ],
   "native_groups": [],
   "tags": [],
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "m-nuestra-senora-de-la-soledad",
   "register_no": null,
   "name": "Mission Nuestra Señora de la Soledad",
   "date": {
    "iso": "1791",
    "display": "founded 1791",
    "confidence": "year"
   },
   "coords": [
    36.4046,
    -121.3558
   ],
   "coord_precision": "exact",
   "type": "mission",
   "layer": "missions",
   "summary": "The lonely Salinas valley mission; two governors died within its walls.",
   "result": "",
   "quote": null,
   "sources": [
    {
     "citation": "Founding dates per the standard accounts (Bancroft, Hist. Cal.; Engelhardt).",
     "ca_record": null,
     "ia_leaf_url": null
    }
   ],
   "native_groups": [],
   "tags": [],
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "m-san-jose",
   "register_no": null,
   "name": "Mission San José",
   "date": {
    "iso": "1797",
    "display": "founded 1797",
    "confidence": "year"
   },
   "coords": [
    37.5333,
    -121.919
   ],
   "coord_precision": "exact",
   "type": "mission",
   "layer": "missions",
   "summary": "Base of the East Bay and Delta frontier; Estanislao was its alcalde before his 1829 revolt.",
   "result": "",
   "quote": null,
   "sources": [
    {
     "citation": "Founding dates per the standard accounts (Bancroft, Hist. Cal.; Engelhardt).",
     "ca_record": null,
     "ia_leaf_url": null
    }
   ],
   "native_groups": [],
   "tags": [],
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "m-san-juan-bautista",
   "register_no": null,
   "name": "Mission San Juan Bautista",
   "date": {
    "iso": "1797",
    "display": "founded 1797",
    "confidence": "year"
   },
   "coords": [
    36.8455,
    -121.537
   ],
   "coord_precision": "exact",
   "type": "mission",
   "layer": "missions",
   "summary": "Sited at 'San Benito' per Lasuén's 1796 reconnaissance synthesis (C-A 50); the 1798 Talholostl battle was fought nearby.",
   "result": "",
   "quote": null,
   "sources": [
    {
     "citation": "Founding dates per the standard accounts (Bancroft, Hist. Cal.; Engelhardt).",
     "ca_record": null,
     "ia_leaf_url": null
    }
   ],
   "native_groups": [],
   "tags": [],
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "m-san-miguel-arcangel",
   "register_no": null,
   "name": "Mission San Miguel Arcángel",
   "date": {
    "iso": "1797",
    "display": "founded 1797",
    "confidence": "year"
   },
   "coords": [
    35.7472,
    -120.696
   ],
   "coord_precision": "exact",
   "type": "mission",
   "layer": "missions",
   "summary": "Sited at 'las Pozas' in the same 1795–96 siting campaign.",
   "result": "",
   "quote": null,
   "sources": [
    {
     "citation": "Founding dates per the standard accounts (Bancroft, Hist. Cal.; Engelhardt).",
     "ca_record": null,
     "ia_leaf_url": null
    }
   ],
   "native_groups": [],
   "tags": [],
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "m-san-fernando-rey",
   "register_no": null,
   "name": "Mission San Fernando Rey",
   "date": {
    "iso": "1797",
    "display": "founded 1797",
    "confidence": "year"
   },
   "coords": [
    34.2733,
    -118.462
   ],
   "coord_precision": "exact",
   "type": "mission",
   "layer": "missions",
   "summary": "The valley mission on the LA road; armed with 2-pounders in the 1805 census.",
   "result": "",
   "quote": null,
   "sources": [
    {
     "citation": "Founding dates per the standard accounts (Bancroft, Hist. Cal.; Engelhardt).",
     "ca_record": null,
     "ia_leaf_url": null
    }
   ],
   "native_groups": [],
   "tags": [],
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "m-san-luis-rey-de-francia",
   "register_no": null,
   "name": "Mission San Luis Rey de Francia",
   "date": {
    "iso": "1798",
    "display": "founded 1798",
    "confidence": "year"
   },
   "coords": [
    33.2318,
    -117.3178
   ],
   "coord_precision": "exact",
   "type": "mission",
   "layer": "missions",
   "summary": "Founded 13 Jun 1798, 54 children baptized that day (C-A 24 Doc 277); the largest mission population; Duflot drew its plan in the gallery.",
   "result": "",
   "quote": null,
   "sources": [
    {
     "citation": "Founding dates per the standard accounts (Bancroft, Hist. Cal.; Engelhardt).",
     "ca_record": null,
     "ia_leaf_url": null
    }
   ],
   "native_groups": [],
   "tags": [],
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "m-santa-ines",
   "register_no": null,
   "name": "Mission Santa Inés",
   "date": {
    "iso": "1804",
    "display": "founded 1804",
    "confidence": "year"
   },
   "coords": [
    34.5964,
    -120.137
   ],
   "coord_precision": "exact",
   "type": "mission",
   "layer": "missions",
   "summary": "The last Channel mission; the 1824 revolt began here.",
   "result": "",
   "quote": null,
   "sources": [
    {
     "citation": "Founding dates per the standard accounts (Bancroft, Hist. Cal.; Engelhardt).",
     "ca_record": null,
     "ia_leaf_url": null
    }
   ],
   "native_groups": [],
   "tags": [],
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "m-san-rafael-arcangel",
   "register_no": null,
   "name": "Mission San Rafael Arcángel",
   "date": {
    "iso": "1817",
    "display": "founded 1817",
    "confidence": "year"
   },
   "coords": [
    37.9735,
    -122.5311
   ],
   "coord_precision": "exact",
   "type": "mission",
   "layer": "missions",
   "summary": "Begun as a hospital asistencia of Dolores, raised to full mission in 1822; the northern frontier's answer to sickness and to Ross.",
   "result": "",
   "quote": null,
   "sources": [
    {
     "citation": "Founding dates per the standard accounts (Bancroft, Hist. Cal.; Engelhardt).",
     "ca_record": null,
     "ia_leaf_url": null
    }
   ],
   "native_groups": [],
   "tags": [],
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "m-san-francisco-solano-sonoma",
   "register_no": null,
   "name": "Mission San Francisco Solano (Sonoma)",
   "date": {
    "iso": "1823",
    "display": "founded 1823",
    "confidence": "year"
   },
   "coords": [
    38.2939,
    -122.4581
   ],
   "coord_precision": "exact",
   "type": "mission",
   "layer": "missions",
   "summary": "The last and northernmost mission, founded under Mexican rule partly to face the Russians; seed of Vallejo's Sonoma.",
   "result": "",
   "quote": null,
   "sources": [
    {
     "citation": "Founding dates per the standard accounts (Bancroft, Hist. Cal.; Engelhardt).",
     "ca_record": null,
     "ia_leaf_url": null
    }
   ],
   "native_groups": [],
   "tags": [],
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "a-santa-margarita-de-cortona-asistencia",
   "register_no": null,
   "name": "Santa Margarita de Cortona (asistencia)",
   "date": {
    "iso": "1787",
    "display": "est. 1787",
    "confidence": "year"
   },
   "coords": [
    35.39,
    -120.607
   ],
   "coord_precision": "place",
   "type": "mission",
   "layer": "asistencias",
   "summary": "Grain-station and chapel over the cuesta from San Luis Obispo; the rancho kept the name. Sub-station of Mission San Luis Obispo.",
   "result": "",
   "quote": null,
   "sources": [
    {
     "citation": "Founding dates per the standard accounts (Bancroft, Hist. Cal.; Engelhardt).",
     "ca_record": null,
     "ia_leaf_url": null
    }
   ],
   "native_groups": [],
   "tags": [],
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "a-san-antonio-de-pala-asistencia",
   "register_no": null,
   "name": "San Antonio de Pala (asistencia)",
   "date": {
    "iso": "1816",
    "display": "est. 1816",
    "confidence": "year"
   },
   "coords": [
    33.3653,
    -117.0781
   ],
   "coord_precision": "place",
   "type": "mission",
   "layer": "asistencias",
   "summary": "The inland asistencia of San Luis Rey; uniquely, still a functioning mission chapel serving a Native community today. Sub-station of Mission San Luis Rey.",
   "result": "",
   "quote": null,
   "sources": [
    {
     "citation": "Founding dates per the standard accounts (Bancroft, Hist. Cal.; Engelhardt).",
     "ca_record": null,
     "ia_leaf_url": null
    }
   ],
   "native_groups": [],
   "tags": [],
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "a-las-flores-asistencia",
   "register_no": null,
   "name": "Las Flores (asistencia)",
   "date": {
    "iso": "1823",
    "display": "est. 1823",
    "confidence": "year"
   },
   "coords": [
    33.29,
    -117.456
   ],
   "coord_precision": "place",
   "type": "mission",
   "layer": "asistencias",
   "summary": "The coast station between San Luis Rey and San Juan Capistrano; later the Pico brothers' rancho. Sub-station of Mission San Luis Rey.",
   "result": "",
   "quote": null,
   "sources": [
    {
     "citation": "Founding dates per the standard accounts (Bancroft, Hist. Cal.; Engelhardt).",
     "ca_record": null,
     "ia_leaf_url": null
    }
   ],
   "native_groups": [],
   "tags": [],
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "a-santa-ysabel-asistencia",
   "register_no": null,
   "name": "Santa Ysabel (asistencia)",
   "date": {
    "iso": "1818",
    "display": "est. 1818",
    "confidence": "year"
   },
   "coords": [
    33.13,
    -116.674
   ],
   "coord_precision": "place",
   "type": "mission",
   "layer": "asistencias",
   "summary": "San Diego's mountain asistencia in Kumeyaay country; the same district as the register's Santa Isabel fight of 1826. Sub-station of Mission San Diego.",
   "result": "",
   "quote": null,
   "sources": [
    {
     "citation": "Founding dates per the standard accounts (Bancroft, Hist. Cal.; Engelhardt).",
     "ca_record": null,
     "ia_leaf_url": null
    }
   ],
   "native_groups": [],
   "tags": [],
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "a-san-bernardino-de-sena-estancia",
   "register_no": null,
   "name": "San Bernardino de Sena (estancia)",
   "date": {
    "iso": "1830",
    "display": "est. 1830",
    "confidence": "year"
   },
   "coords": [
    34.0455,
    -117.226
   ],
   "coord_precision": "place",
   "type": "mission",
   "layer": "asistencias",
   "summary": "San Gabriel's estancia at the foot of the pass; the rancho outpost end of the mission system, in the raiding corridor. Sub-station of Mission San Gabriel.",
   "result": "",
   "quote": null,
   "sources": [
    {
     "citation": "Founding dates per the standard accounts (Bancroft, Hist. Cal.; Engelhardt).",
     "ca_record": null,
     "ia_leaf_url": null
    }
   ],
   "native_groups": [],
   "tags": [],
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "r-colony-ross",
   "register_no": null,
   "name": "Colony Ross",
   "date": {
    "iso": "1812",
    "display": "est. 1812",
    "confidence": "year"
   },
   "coords": [
    38.5144,
    -123.2444
   ],
   "coord_precision": "exact",
   "type": "settlement",
   "layer": "russian",
   "summary": "The Russian-American Company's fort and village on Kashaya land, 1812 to 1841. The Presidial System map carries its strength series; Vallejo's 1833 reconnaissance (C-A 53 Doc 45) describes it in full.",
   "result": "",
   "quote": null,
   "sources": [
    {
     "citation": "Russian establishments per the RAC literature (Gibson; Istomin) and the Spanish-Mexican reconnaissance record (C-A 12, C-A 53).",
     "ca_record": null,
     "ia_leaf_url": null
    }
   ],
   "native_groups": [],
   "tags": [],
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "r-port-rumiantsev-bodega",
   "register_no": null,
   "name": "Port Rumiantsev (Bodega)",
   "date": {
    "iso": "1809",
    "display": "est. 1809",
    "confidence": "year"
   },
   "coords": [
    38.31,
    -123.045
   ],
   "coord_precision": "place",
   "type": "settlement",
   "layer": "russian",
   "summary": "The company's anchorage and warehouses at Bodega Bay, in use from about 1809. The port the Spanish discovered in 1775, working under a Russian name.",
   "result": "",
   "quote": null,
   "sources": [
    {
     "citation": "Russian establishments per the RAC literature (Gibson; Istomin) and the Spanish-Mexican reconnaissance record (C-A 12, C-A 53).",
     "ca_record": null,
     "ia_leaf_url": null
    }
   ],
   "native_groups": [],
   "tags": [],
   "notes": "Anchorage in Bodega Harbor; the precise landing/port site is approximate."
  },
  {
   "id": "r-kostromitinov-ranch",
   "register_no": null,
   "name": "Kostromitinov Ranch",
   "date": {
    "iso": "1833",
    "display": "est. 1833",
    "confidence": "year"
   },
   "coords": [
    38.45,
    -123.1
   ],
   "coord_precision": "area",
   "type": "settlement",
   "layer": "russian",
   "summary": "Company farm on the Russian River plain, one of the three ranches feeding Ross in its last decade. Location approximate.",
   "result": "",
   "quote": null,
   "sources": [
    {
     "citation": "Russian establishments per the RAC literature (Gibson; Istomin) and the Spanish-Mexican reconnaissance record (C-A 12, C-A 53).",
     "ca_record": null,
     "ia_leaf_url": null
    }
   ],
   "native_groups": [],
   "tags": [],
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "r-khlebnikov-ranch",
   "register_no": null,
   "name": "Khlebnikov Ranch",
   "date": {
    "iso": "1833",
    "display": "est. 1833",
    "confidence": "year"
   },
   "coords": [
    38.345,
    -123.02
   ],
   "coord_precision": "area",
   "type": "settlement",
   "layer": "russian",
   "summary": "Company farm inland from Bodega, named for the RAC agent. Location approximate.",
   "result": "",
   "quote": null,
   "sources": [
    {
     "citation": "Russian establishments per the RAC literature (Gibson; Istomin) and the Spanish-Mexican reconnaissance record (C-A 12, C-A 53).",
     "ca_record": null,
     "ia_leaf_url": null
    }
   ],
   "native_groups": [],
   "tags": [],
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "r-chernykh-ranch",
   "register_no": null,
   "name": "Chernykh Ranch",
   "date": {
    "iso": "1836",
    "display": "est. 1836",
    "confidence": "year"
   },
   "coords": [
    38.38,
    -122.95
   ],
   "coord_precision": "area",
   "type": "settlement",
   "layer": "russian",
   "summary": "The agronomist Chernykh's farm; Voznesensky sketched it in 1841 (the sketch is in this site's gallery). Location approximate.",
   "result": "",
   "quote": null,
   "sources": [
    {
     "citation": "Russian establishments per the RAC literature (Gibson; Istomin) and the Spanish-Mexican reconnaissance record (C-A 12, C-A 53).",
     "ca_record": null,
     "ia_leaf_url": null
    }
   ],
   "native_groups": [],
   "tags": [],
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "o-suisun-outstation-solano",
   "register_no": null,
   "name": "Suisun outstation (Solano)",
   "date": {
    "iso": null,
    "display": "Mexican-era estate",
    "confidence": "circa"
   },
   "coords": [
    38.232,
    -122.124
   ],
   "coord_precision": "area",
   "type": "settlement",
   "layer": "outstations",
   "summary": "The Sonoma mission's grazing outstation in the Suisun Valley, at the Rockville and Cordelia end rather than the later town of Fairfield; in the country of the Suisun Patwin, and absorbed into the Vallejo-era ranchos after secularization. Outstation of Mission San Francisco Solano.",
   "result": "",
   "quote": null,
   "sources": [
    {
     "citation": "Mission-estate outstations per the standard accounts (Engelhardt; county histories); locations approximate. Selected, not exhaustive: the missions ran many more ranchos.",
     "ca_record": null,
     "ia_leaf_url": null
    }
   ],
   "native_groups": [],
   "tags": [],
   "notes": "Verify against the 1834-36 secularization inventories (C-A 50-53) for the documented estate lists."
  },
  {
   "id": "o-napa-outstation-solano",
   "register_no": null,
   "name": "Napa outstation (Solano)",
   "date": {
    "iso": null,
    "display": "Mexican-era estate",
    "confidence": "circa"
   },
   "coords": [
    38.2971,
    -122.2855
   ],
   "coord_precision": "area",
   "type": "settlement",
   "layer": "outstations",
   "summary": "The mission's station in the lower Napa Valley, likewise folded into private ranchos in the 1830s. Outstation of Mission San Francisco Solano.",
   "result": "",
   "quote": null,
   "sources": [
    {
     "citation": "Mission-estate outstations per the standard accounts (Engelhardt; county histories); locations approximate. Selected, not exhaustive: the missions ran many more ranchos.",
     "ca_record": null,
     "ia_leaf_url": null
    }
   ],
   "native_groups": [],
   "tags": [],
   "notes": "Verify against the 1834-36 secularization inventories (C-A 50-53) for the documented estate lists."
  },
  {
   "id": "o-san-pedro-y-san-pablo-san-mateo",
   "register_no": null,
   "name": "San Pedro y San Pablo (San Mateo)",
   "date": {
    "iso": null,
    "display": "Mexican-era estate",
    "confidence": "circa"
   },
   "coords": [
    37.563,
    -122.3244
   ],
   "coord_precision": "area",
   "type": "settlement",
   "layer": "outstations",
   "summary": "Mission Dolores' farm outstation on the peninsula, established in the 1780s; the 1830 SF padron still lists San Mateo among the jurisdiction's ranchos (C-A 50 Doc 425). Outstation of Mission San Francisco de Asís.",
   "result": "",
   "quote": null,
   "sources": [
    {
     "citation": "Mission-estate outstations per the standard accounts (Engelhardt; county histories); locations approximate. Selected, not exhaustive: the missions ran many more ranchos.",
     "ca_record": null,
     "ia_leaf_url": null
    }
   ],
   "native_groups": [],
   "tags": [],
   "notes": "Verify against the 1834-36 secularization inventories (C-A 50-53) for the documented estate lists."
  },
  {
   "id": "o-rancho-san-francisco-xavier",
   "register_no": null,
   "name": "Rancho San Francisco Xavier",
   "date": {
    "iso": null,
    "display": "Mexican-era estate",
    "confidence": "circa"
   },
   "coords": [
    34.44,
    -118.62
   ],
   "coord_precision": "area",
   "type": "settlement",
   "layer": "outstations",
   "summary": "San Fernando's northern stock rancho in the Santa Clarita valley; the same Rancho San Francisco where 18 Indians were killed in 1846 (military register #117). Outstation of Mission San Fernando.",
   "result": "",
   "quote": null,
   "sources": [
    {
     "citation": "Mission-estate outstations per the standard accounts (Engelhardt; county histories); locations approximate. Selected, not exhaustive: the missions ran many more ranchos.",
     "ca_record": null,
     "ia_leaf_url": null
    }
   ],
   "native_groups": [],
   "tags": [],
   "notes": "Verify against the 1834-36 secularization inventories (C-A 50-53) for the documented estate lists."
  },
  {
   "id": "o-santa-ysabel-rancho-san-miguel",
   "register_no": null,
   "name": "Santa Ysabel rancho (San Miguel)",
   "date": {
    "iso": null,
    "display": "Mexican-era estate",
    "confidence": "circa"
   },
   "coords": [
    35.62,
    -120.6
   ],
   "coord_precision": "area",
   "type": "settlement",
   "layer": "outstations",
   "summary": "One of San Miguel's named ranchos with an adobe, up the Salinas from the mission. Outstation of Mission San Miguel.",
   "result": "",
   "quote": null,
   "sources": [
    {
     "citation": "Mission-estate outstations per the standard accounts (Engelhardt; county histories); locations approximate. Selected, not exhaustive: the missions ran many more ranchos.",
     "ca_record": null,
     "ia_leaf_url": null
    }
   ],
   "native_groups": [],
   "tags": [],
   "notes": "Verify against the 1834-36 secularization inventories (C-A 50-53) for the documented estate lists."
  },
  {
   "id": "o-san-simeon-rancho-san-miguel",
   "register_no": null,
   "name": "San Simeon rancho (San Miguel)",
   "date": {
    "iso": null,
    "display": "Mexican-era estate",
    "confidence": "circa"
   },
   "coords": [
    35.643,
    -121.189
   ],
   "coord_precision": "area",
   "type": "settlement",
   "layer": "outstations",
   "summary": "San Miguel's coast station at San Simeon bay. Outstation of Mission San Miguel.",
   "result": "",
   "quote": null,
   "sources": [
    {
     "citation": "Mission-estate outstations per the standard accounts (Engelhardt; county histories); locations approximate. Selected, not exhaustive: the missions ran many more ranchos.",
     "ca_record": null,
     "ia_leaf_url": null
    }
   ],
   "native_groups": [],
   "tags": [],
   "notes": "Verify against the 1834-36 secularization inventories (C-A 50-53) for the documented estate lists."
  },
  {
   "id": "o-temecula-station-san-luis-rey",
   "register_no": null,
   "name": "Temecula station (San Luis Rey)",
   "date": {
    "iso": null,
    "display": "Mexican-era estate",
    "confidence": "circa"
   },
   "coords": [
    33.493,
    -117.149
   ],
   "coord_precision": "area",
   "type": "settlement",
   "layer": "outstations",
   "summary": "San Luis Rey's inland station among the Luiseno communities of the Temecula valley. Outstation of Mission San Luis Rey.",
   "result": "",
   "quote": null,
   "sources": [
    {
     "citation": "Mission-estate outstations per the standard accounts (Engelhardt; county histories); locations approximate. Selected, not exhaustive: the missions ran many more ranchos.",
     "ca_record": null,
     "ia_leaf_url": null
    }
   ],
   "native_groups": [],
   "tags": [],
   "notes": "Verify against the 1834-36 secularization inventories (C-A 50-53) for the documented estate lists."
  },
  {
   "id": "o-san-jacinto-rancho-san-luis-rey",
   "register_no": null,
   "name": "San Jacinto rancho (San Luis Rey)",
   "date": {
    "iso": null,
    "display": "Mexican-era estate",
    "confidence": "circa"
   },
   "coords": [
    33.784,
    -116.96
   ],
   "coord_precision": "area",
   "type": "settlement",
   "layer": "outstations",
   "summary": "The mission's easternmost stock rancho, toward the pass country. Outstation of Mission San Luis Rey.",
   "result": "",
   "quote": null,
   "sources": [
    {
     "citation": "Mission-estate outstations per the standard accounts (Engelhardt; county histories); locations approximate. Selected, not exhaustive: the missions ran many more ranchos.",
     "ca_record": null,
     "ia_leaf_url": null
    }
   ],
   "native_groups": [],
   "tags": [],
   "notes": "Verify against the 1834-36 secularization inventories (C-A 50-53) for the documented estate lists."
  },
  {
   "id": "o-san-gorgonio-estancia-san-gabriel",
   "register_no": null,
   "name": "San Gorgonio estancia (San Gabriel)",
   "date": {
    "iso": null,
    "display": "Mexican-era estate",
    "confidence": "circa"
   },
   "coords": [
    33.928,
    -116.876
   ],
   "coord_precision": "area",
   "type": "settlement",
   "layer": "outstations",
   "summary": "San Gabriel's furthest estancia, in the pass between the mountains; the raiding corridor's doorstep. Outstation of Mission San Gabriel.",
   "result": "",
   "quote": null,
   "sources": [
    {
     "citation": "Mission-estate outstations per the standard accounts (Engelhardt; county histories); locations approximate. Selected, not exhaustive: the missions ran many more ranchos.",
     "ca_record": null,
     "ia_leaf_url": null
    }
   ],
   "native_groups": [],
   "tags": [],
   "notes": "Verify against the 1834-36 secularization inventories (C-A 50-53) for the documented estate lists."
  },
  {
   "id": "s-sutters-fort-new-helvetia",
   "register_no": null,
   "name": "Sutter's Fort (New Helvetia)",
   "date": {
    "iso": "1839",
    "display": "est. 1839",
    "confidence": "year"
   },
   "coords": [
    38.5722,
    -121.47
   ],
   "coord_precision": "exact",
   "type": "settlement",
   "layer": "sutter",
   "summary": "Sutter's Mexican land-grant colony at the Sacramento-American confluence, founded 1839. Buyer of Ross's movable property in 1841, magnet for the overland emigrants, and the hinge between the mission-rancho world and the American conquest. The anti-Micheltorena revolt charged the governor with his 'relaciones secretas' with Sutter (C-A 61).",
   "result": "",
   "quote": null,
   "sources": [
    {
     "citation": "Standard accounts (Bancroft, Hist. Cal., IV); cf. Leg. Rec. (C-A 61) Doc 19",
     "ca_record": "ca61-d19",
     "ia_leaf_url": null
    }
   ],
   "native_groups": [],
   "tags": [],
   "notes": ""
  }
 ]
}